The population of the mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green) was found to be high, from January to May and low from June to December in vineyards in South India. Maximum temperature showed a positive significant correlation with the mealybug population, while the relative humidity showed a negative correlalion. In general, the activity of the natural enemies coincided with that of the mealybugs. A positive and significant relationship between the dominant parasite Anagyrus dactylopii (How.) and M. hirsutus was observed.