Behavioural Response of Specific Larval Endoparasitoid, Apanteles machaeralis (Wilkinson) to Volatile Cues from its Host Insect, Diaphania indica (Saunders) and the Host Plant (Cucumis sativus L.)

Jump To References Section

Authors

  • Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore – 560065, Karnataka ,IN
  • Division of Entomology and Nematology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore – 560089, Karnataka ,IN
  • Division of Entomology and Nematology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore – 560089, Karnataka ,IN
  • Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore – 560065, Karnataka ,IN
  • Department of Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore – 560065, Karnataka ,IN

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2020/25359

Keywords:

Cucumber Moth, HIPVs, Olfactometer Assays, Specialist Parasitoid, Volatiles.

Abstract

Apanteles machaeralis (Wilkinson), a braconid specialist larval endoparasitoid of Diaphania indica occurs naturally causing significant levels of parasitism.  The present study explores the response of the A. machaeralis to odour cues from D. indica damaged cucumber plant as well as host larvae. Different odour treatments namely, D. indica larval body volatiles (T1), volatiles from larval excreta (T2), volatiles from larvae + excreta (T3),  volatiles from D. indica body wash (T4), volatiles from the healthy, mechanically damaged and D. indica infested cucumber plants (HIPVs) were collected using headspace analysis and the response of female A. machaeralis was studied using olfactometer assays. Results of the study conclusively indicated that A. machaeralis is highly attracted to host larval body wash as parasitic wasps spent significantly more time made more entries into the treated region in single as well as dual choice assays. The electoantennographic response (EAG) further supported the olfactometer bioassays.  The GC-MS analysis revealed significant differences in the volatile emissions of different treatments studied. The utilization of host insect body cues and HIPVs in the host recognition by the specialist endoparasitoid A. machaeralis is discussed in detail.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Downloads

Published

2020-10-20

How to Cite

Venugopal, U., Kamala Jayanthi, P. D., Saravan Kumar, P., Jagadeesh, K. S., & Murali Mohan, K. (2020). Behavioural Response of Specific Larval Endoparasitoid, <I>Apanteles machaeralis</I> (Wilkinson) to Volatile Cues from its Host Insect, <I>Diaphania indica</I> (Saunders) and the Host Plant (<I>Cucumis sativus</I> L.). Journal of Biological Control, 34(2), 132–139. https://doi.org/10.18311/jbc/2020/25359

Issue

Section

Research Articles
Received 2020-05-18
Accepted 2020-09-14
Published 2020-10-20

 

References

Anfora G, Tasin M, Cristofaro AD, Ioriatti C, Lucchi A. 2009. Synthetic grape volatiles attract mated Lobesia botrana females in laboratory and field bioassays. J Chem Ecol. 35: 1054-1062. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-0099686-5. PMid:19779942

Cork A, Beevor PS, Gough AJE, Hall DR. 1990. Gas chromatography linked to electoantennography: A versatile technique for identifying insect semiochemicals. pp. 271-279. In: McMaffercy AR, Vilson ID (Eds.). Chromatography isolation of insect hormones and pheromones. Plenum Press, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8062-7_26

de Moraes CM, Lewis WJ, Pare PW, Alborn HT, Tumlinson JH. 1998. Herbivore-infested plants selectively attract parasitoids. Nature 393: 570–573. https://doi.org/10.1038/31219

de Rijk M, Krijn M, Jenniskens W, Engel B, Dicke M, Poelman EH. 2016. Flexible parasitoid behaviour comes constraint resulting from position of host and non-host herbivores. Animal Behav. 113: 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.01.001

Dweck HKM, Svensson GP, Akman Gündüz E, Anderbrant O. 2010. Kairomonal response of parasitoid, Bracon hebetor Say, to the male-produced sex pheromone of its host, the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.). J Chem Ecol. 36: 171–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-010-9746-x. PMid:20155500

Harris CM, Ruberson JR, Meagher R, Tumlinson J. 2012. Host suitability affect odor association in Cotesia marginiventris: Implications in generalist parasitoid host-finding. J Chem Ecol. 38: 340–347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-012-0095-9. PMid:22438015

Jayanthi PDK, Woodcock CM, Caulfield J, Birkett MA, Toby JA Bruce. 2012. Isolation and identification of host cues from Mango, Mangifera indica, that attract gravid female Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis. J Chem Ecol. 38: 361–369. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-0120093-y. PMid:22438014

Jayanthi PDK, Raghava T, Kempraj V. 2020. Functional diversity of info chemicals in agri-ecological networks. Ipp. 187-192. In: Chakravarthy AK (Ed.). Innovative Pest Management Approaches for the 21st Century. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-98115-0794-6_10

Kigathi RN, Unsicker SB, Reichel TM, Kesselmeier J, Gershenzon J, Weisser WW. 2009. Emission of volatile organic compounds after herbivory from Trifolium pratense (L.) under laboratory and field conditions. J Chem Ecol. 35: 1335–1348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-009-9716-3. PMid:20013039 PMCid:PMC2797619

Kovats E .1965. Gas chromatographic characterization of organic substances in the retention index system. Adv Chromatogr. 1: 229–247.

Meents AK, Chen S, Reichelt M. 2019. Volatile DMNT systemically induces jasmonate- independent direct anti-herbivore defense in leaves of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) plants. Sci Rep. 9: 17431. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-53946-0. PMid:31758060.PMCid:PMC6874613

Meiners T, Wackers F, Lewis WJ. 2002. The effect of molecular structure on olfactory discrimination by the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes. Chem Senses 27: 811–816. https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/27.9.811.PMid:12438206

Mumm R, Hilker M. 2005. The significance of background odour for an egg parasitoid to detect plants with host eggs. Chem Senses 30: 337–343. https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bji028. PMid:15788712

Nurkomar I, Manuwoto SP, Buchori D, Matsuyama S, Taylor D, Kainoh Y. 2017. (E, E)-α-Farnesene as a hostinduced plant volatile that attracts Apanteles taragamae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to host-infested cucumber plants. Biocontrol Sci Technol. 28: 34-38. https://doi.org /10.1080/09583157.2017.1413340

Ngumbi E, Fadamiro H. 2012. Species and sexual differences in behavioral responses of a specialist and generalist parasitoid species to host-related volatiles. Bull Entomol. Res. 102: 710–718. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485312000326. PMid:22647466

Pare PW, Tumlinson JH. 1999. Plant volatiles as a defense against insect herbivores. Plant Physiol. 121: 325–331. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.121.2.325

Rains GC, Tomberlin JKD, Alessandro M, Lewis WJ. 2004. Limits of volatile chemical detection of a parasitoid wasp, Microplitis croceipes, and an electronic nose: A comparative study. Trans ASAE 47: 2145–2152. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.17785

Rutledge CE.1996. A survey of identified kairomones and synomones used by insect parasitoids to locate and accept their hosts. Chemoecology 7: 121–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01245964

Schnee C, Kollner TG, Held M, Turlings TCJ, Gershenzon J. 2006. The products of a single maize sesquiterpene synthase form a volatile defense signal that attracts natural enemies of maize herbivores. Proc Natl Acad Sci. USA. 103: 1129–1134. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0508027103. PMid:16418295.PMCid:PMC1347987

Steidle JLM, SchöllerM.1997. Olfactory host location and learning in the granary weevil parasitoid Lariophagus distinguendus (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). J Insect Behav. 10: 331–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02765601

Sullivan BT, Berisford CW. 2004. Semiochemicals from fungal associates of bark beetles may mediate host location behavior of parasitoids. J Chem Ecol. 4: 703–717. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000028426.37482.17. PMid:15260218

Turlings TCJ, Tumlinson, JH, Lewis WJ .1990. Exploitation of herbivore-induced plant odors by host-seeking parasitic wasps. Science 250: 1251-1253. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.250.4985.1251. PMid:17829213

van Dam NM, Qiu B, Hordijk CA, Vetlem, Jansen JJ. 2010.Identification of biologically, Vetlem, JansenIdentification of biologically relevant compounds in above ground and below ground induced volatile blends. J Chem Ecol. 36: 1006-1016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-010-9844-9. PMid:20737198 PMCid:PMC2941087

Wei J, Kang L. 2006. Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of a parasitic wasp to plant volatiles induced by two leaf miner species. Chem Senses 31: 467-477. https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjj051. PMid:16621971

Wei J, Wang L, Zhu J, ZhangS, N,andi OI, Kang L. 2007. Plants attract parasitic wasps to defend themselves against insect pests by releasing hexenol. PLoS ONE 2: e852. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000852. PMid:17786223. PMCid:PMC1955833