Toxic Impacts of Cypermethrin on Behavior and Histology of Certain Tissues of Albino Rats

Jump To References Section

Authors

  • K. K. Grewal
     Department of Zoology, S.G.N. Khalsa College, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan ,IN
  • G. S. Sandhu
     Department of Zoology, S.G.N. Khalsa College, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan ,IN
  • Ranjit Kaur
     Department of Zoology, S.G.N. Khalsa College, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan ,IN
  • R. S. Brar
     Departments of Veterinary Pathology, GADVASU, Ludhiana ,IN
  • H. S. Sandhu
     Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, GADVASU, Ludhiana ,IN

Keywords:

Albino rats, cypermethrin, histopathology, insecticides, pyrethroids
Molecular Biology

Abstract

In the present investigation, the behavioral, morphological, and histopathological effects of cypermethrin, a widely used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, was ascertained in male and female albino rats (Rattus norvegicus). Cypermethrin administered at repeated oral doses of 5 and 20 mg/kg/day for 30 days produced varying degree of mild to moderate toxic symptoms and behavioral changes in both male and female rats. The lower dose produced very mild toxicosis characterized by intermittent diarrhea, decreased feed intake, and thick eye discharge, whereas higher dose displayed mild to moderate toxicosis with diarrhea, decreased feed intake, loss of body weight, dyspnoea, ataxia, eye discharge, and salivation. Two female and one male albino rats died between 23 to 28 days after displaying signs of incoordination and tremors. Repeated oral doses of cypermethrin for 30 days enhanced the relative weight of liver and heart, but significantly decreased that of brain, kidneys, and testes. Microscopically, cypermethrin produced neuronal degeneration and increase in glial cells in brain, and disorganization of hepatic laminae, increase in sinusoid, and necrosis of hepatocytes in liver. Section of kidney displayed hemorrhage and sloughing off renal epithelial cell in the convoluted tubules, shrinkage of glomeruli, and necrosis of renal tubules. Repeated administration of cypermethrin also produced hemorrhages within myocardium, disruption of branching structure, and loss of striation of cardiac tissue; thickening of alveolar septa in lungs, partial to extensive loss of various stages of spermatogenesis in testes, and loss of follicular cells and oocytes in ovaries. The study suggested that repeated oral exposure of cypermethrin has considerable harmful effects on body organs in R. norvegicus.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Downloads

Published

2018-05-16

How to Cite

Grewal, K. K., Sandhu, G. S., Kaur, R., Brar, R. S., & Sandhu, H. S. (2018). Toxic Impacts of Cypermethrin on Behavior and Histology of Certain Tissues of Albino Rats. Toxicology International, 17(2), 94–98. Retrieved from http://informaticsjournals.com/index.php/toxi/article/view/21186

Issue

Volume 17, Issue 2, July-December 2010

Section

Original Research
Received 2018-05-15
Accepted 2018-05-15
Published 2018-05-16

 

References

Ecobichon DJ. Toxic effects of pesticides. In: Klaasen CD, editor. Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons. 5th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 1996. p. 643-90.

Gold LS, Slone TH, Ames BN, Manley NB. Pesticide residues in food and cancer risk: A critical analysis. In: Krieger RL, editor. Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. 2nd ed. California: Academic Press; 2001. p. 799-844.

Tiemann U. "In vivo and in vitro effects of the organochlorine pesticides DDT, TCPM, methoxychlor, and lindane on the female reproductive tract of mammals: A review”. Reprod Toxicol 2008;25:316-26.

Osweiler GD. Toxicology. Philadelphia: William and Wilkins; 1996.

Lessengu JE. Five office workers inadvertently exposed to cypermethrin. J Toxicol Environ Health 1992;35:261-7.

Kolf-Clauw M, Poletti V. Main drug poisoning in domestic carnivores, pyrethroid parasiticide overdose. Point Vet 1998;29:56-62.

Lilli RD. Histopathologic Technique and Practical Biochemistry. London: McGraw Hill Book Company; 1965.

Gupta PK. Cypermethrin- A pyrethroid insecticide. In: Gupta PK, Raviprakash V, editors. Advances in Toxicology and Environmental Health. New Delhi: Jadmander Book Agency; 1988. p. 81-130.

Neuschl J, Legath J, Kacmar E, Konrad V, Saly J. Efect of the insecticide superpmethrin on some measures of sheep health under conditions of subchronic poisoning. Veterinarni Medicina 1995;40:377-82.

Cypermethrin. Data Sheet on Pestcides. No. 58 (VBC/DS/84-85): WHO; 1984. p. 1-9.

Husain R, Malaviya M, Seth PK, Husain R. Effects of deltamethrin on regional brain polyamines and behavior in youg cats. Pharmacol Toxicol 1994;74:211-5.

Ecobichon DJ, Joy RM. Pesticides and Neurological Diseases. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC; 1994.

Anthony DC, Montine TJ, Graham DG. Toxic response of the nervous system. In: Klaassen CD, editor. Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons. Vol. 5. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1996. p. 463-86.

Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity: The Adverse Effect of Drug and other Chemicals on the Liver. New York: Appleton Century Crafts; 1978.

Ayub-Shah MA, Gupta PK, Tandon HK. Effect of permethrin: A synthetic pyrethroid on pentobarbitone induced sleeping time and hepatic microsomal constituents in mice. Ind J Toxicol 1996;3:19-23.

Biernacki B, Wlodarczk B, Minta M, Jurzkiewicz T. Influence of cypermethrcin on pregnancy and fetal development in rabbits. Medycyna Weterynaryjna 1995;51:31-3.

Thomas CL. Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. Singapore: PG Publishing Pvt. Ltd.; 1984.

Majumder S, Chakraborty AK, Mandal TK, Bhattacharya A, Basak DK. Subacute toxicity of fenvalerate in broiler chicks: Concentration, cytotoxicity and biochemical profiles. Indian J Exp Biol 1994;32:752-6.

Alden CL, Frith CH. Urinary system. In: Haschetk WM, Rousseaux CG, editors. Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology. San Diaego: Academic Press Inc., 1991. p. 316-79.

Acosta D Jr. Cardiovascular Toxicology. New York: Raven Press; 1992.

Kehrer JP. Systemic pulmonary toxicity. In: Ballantyne B, Marrs T, Turner P, editors. General and Applied Toxicology. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.; 1995. p. 473-90.

Haschek WM, Witschi HR. Respiratory system. In: Haschetk WM, Rousseaux CG, editors. Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology. San Diaego: Academic Press Inc.; 1991. p. 761-828.

Cigankova V, Kacmar P, Neuschl J, Tomajkova E, Poracova J, Konrad V. Light and electron microscopical observations on the pheasant testis after pyrethroid application. Folia Veterinaria 1993;37:95-8.

Creasy DM, Foster PM. Male reproductive system. In: Haschetk WM, Rousseaux CG, editors. Handbook of Toxicologica Pathology. San Diaego: Academic Press Inc.; 1991. p. 829-90.

Thomas JA. Toxic response of the reproductive system. In: Klaassen CD, editor. Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons. Vol. 5. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1996. p. 583-616.

Ratcliffe JM, McElhatton PR, Sullivan FM. Reproductive toxicity. In: Ballantyne B, Marrs T, Turner P, editors. General and Applied Toxicology. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.; 1995. p. 925-56.