Detection of Low Level Microwave Radiation Induced Deoxyribonucleic Acid Damage Vis"‘í "‘vis Genotoxicity in Brain of Fischer Rats

Jump To References Section

Authors

  • ,IN
  • ,IN
  • ,IN
  • ,IN
  • ,IN
  • ,IN

Keywords:

Brain, comet assay, deoxyribonucleic acid damage, microwave radiation

Abstract

Background: Non"‘ionizing radiofrequency radiation has been increasingly used in industry, commerce, medicine and especially in mobile phone technology and has become a matter of serious concern in present time. Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the possible deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damaging effects of low"‘level microwave radiation in brain of Fischer rats. Materials and Methods: Experiments were performed on male Fischer rats exposed to microwave radiation for 30 days at three different frequencies: 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz. Animals were divided into 4 groups: Group I (Sham exposed): Animals not exposed to microwave radiation but kept under same conditions as that of other groups, Group II: Animals exposed to microwave radiation at frequency 900 MHz at specific absorption rate (SAR) 5.953 í— 10−4 W/kg, Group III: Animals exposed to 1800 MHz at SAR 5.835 í— 10−4 W/kg and Group IV: Animals exposed to 2450 MHz at SAR 6.672 í— 10−4 W/kg. At the end of the exposure period animals were sacrificed immediately and DNA damage in brain tissue was assessed using alkaline comet assay. Results: In the present study, we demonstrated DNA damaging effects of low level microwave radiation in brain. Conclusion: We concluded that low SAR microwave radiation exposure at these frequencies may induce DNA strand breaks in brain tissue.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Published

2018-08-09

How to Cite

Deshmukh, P. S., Megha, K., Banerjee, B. D., Ahmed, R. S., Chandna, S., Abegaonkar, M. P., & Tripathi, A. K. (2018). Detection of Low Level Microwave Radiation Induced Deoxyribonucleic Acid Damage Vis"‘í "‘vis Genotoxicity in Brain of Fischer Rats. Toxicology International, 20(1), 19–24. Retrieved from http://informaticsjournals.com/index.php/toxi/article/view/21697

Issue

Section

Original Research
Received 2018-08-08
Accepted 2018-08-08
Published 2018-08-09

 

References

Croft RJ, Chandler JS, Burgess AP, Barry RJ, Williams JD, Clarke AR. Acute mobile phone operation affects neural function in humans. Clin Neurophysiol 2002;113:1623"‘32.

Avendaño C, Mata A, Sanchez Sarmiento CA, Doncel GF. Use of laptop computers connected to internet through Wi"‘Fi decreases human sperm motility and increases sperm DNA fragmentation. Fertil Steril 2012;97:39"‘45.

Vijayalaxmi, Obe G. Controversial cytogenetic observations in mammalian somatic cells exposed to radiofrequency radiation. Radiat Res 2004;162:481"‘96.

Verschaeve L. Genetic effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005;207:336"‘41.

Vijayalaxmi, Leal BZ, Szilagyi M, Prihoda TJ, Meltz ML.Primary DNA damage in human blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to 2450 MHz radiofrequency radiation. Radiat Res 2000;153:479"‘86.

McNamee JP, Bellier PV, Gajda GB, Lavallée BF, Marro L, Lemay E, et al. No evidence for genotoxic effects from 24 h and exposure of human leukocytes to 1.9 GHz radiofrequency fields. Radiat Res 2003;159:693"‘7.

Vijayalaxmi, Sasser LB, Morris JE, Wilson BW, Anderson LE.Genotoxic potential of 1.6 GHz wireless communication signal: in vivo two"‘year bioassay. Radiat Res 2003;159:558"‘64.

Paulraj R, Behari J. Radio frequency radiation effects on protein kinase C activity in rats' brain. Mutat Res 2004;545:127"‘30.

Collins A, Dusinská M, Franklin M, Somorovská M, Petrovská H, Duthie S, et al. Comet assay in human biomonitoring studies: Reliability, validation, and applications. Environ Mol Mutagen 1997;30:139"‘46.

European Standards Committee on Oxidative DNA Damage (ESCODD). Measurement of DNA oxidation in human cells by chromatographic and enzymic methods. Free Radic Biol Med 2003;34:1089"‘99.

Kumaravel TS, Vilhar B, Faux SP, Jha AN. Comet Assay measurements: A perspective. Cell Biol Toxicol 2009;25:53"‘64.

Garaj"‘Vrhovac V, Orescanin V. Assessment of DNA sensitivity in peripheral blood leukocytes after occupational exposure to microwave radiation: The alkaline comet assay and chromatid breakage assay. Cell Biol Toxicol 2009;25:33"‘43.

Ardoino L, Lopresto V, Mancini S, Marino C, Pinto R, Lovisolo GA. A radio"‘frequency system for in vivo pilot experiments aimed at the studies on biological effects of electromagnetic fields. Phys Med Biol 2005;50:3643"‘54.

Singh NP, McCoy MT, Tice RR, Schneider EL. A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells.Exp Cell Res 1988;175:184"‘91.

Grover P, Danadevi K, Mahboob M, Rozati R, Banu BS, Rahman MF. Evaluation of genetic damage in workers employed in pesticide production utilizing the Comet assay. Mutagenesis 2003;18:201"‘5.

Chandna S. Single"‘cell gel electrophoresis assay monitors precise kinetics of DNA fragmentation induced during programmed cell death. Cytometry A 2004;61:127"‘33.

Tice RR, Agurell E, Anderson D, Burlinson B, Hartmann A, Kobayashi H, et al. Single cell gel/comet assay: Guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing. Environ Mol Mutagen 2000;35:206"‘21.

Juutilainen J, Lang S. Genotoxic, carcinogenic and teratogenic effects of electromagnetic fields. Introduction and overview.Mutat Res 1997;387:165"‘71.

Brusick D, Albertini R, McRee D, Peterson D, Williams G, Hanawalt P, et al. Genotoxicity of radiofrequency radiation. DNA/ Genetox Expert Panel. Environ Mol Mutagen 1998;32:1"‘16.

Blank M, Goodman R. Initial interactions in electromagnetic field"‘induced biosynthesis. J Cell Physiol 2004;199:359"‘63.

Lee S, Johnson D, Dunbar K, Dong H, Ge X, Kim YC, et al. 2.45 GHz radiofrequency fields alter gene expression in cultured human cells. FEBS Lett 2005;579:4829"‘36.

Nylund R, Leszczynski D. Mobile phone radiation causes changes in gene and protein expression in human endothelial cell lines and the response seems to be genome"‘and proteome"‘dependent. Proteomics 2006;6:4769"‘80.

Singh S, Kumar V, Thakur S, Banerjee BD, Rautela RS, Grover SS, et al. Paraoxonase"‘1 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to DNA damage in workers occupationally exposed to organophosphate pesticides. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011;252:130"‘7.

Paulraj R, Behari J. Single strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells exposed to microwave radiation. Mutat Res 2006;596:76"‘80.

ICNIRP guidelines for limiting exposure to time varying electric, magnetic and electromagnetic field (up to 300 GHz). Health Phys1998;74:494"‘522.

Deshmukh PS, Kanu M, Banerjee BD, Abegaonkar MP, Ahmed RS, Tripathi AK, et al. Modulation of heat shock protein level and cognitive impairment in fischer rats exposed to low level microwave radiation. Asiatic J Biotech Res 2012;03:1391"‘99.

Kanu M, Deshmukh PS, Banerjee BD, Tripathi AK, Abegaonkar MP.Microwave radiation induced oxidative stress, cognitive impairment and inflammation in brain of Fischer rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2012;50:889"‘96.

Garaj"‘Vrhovac V. Micronucleus assay and lymphocyte mitotic activity in risk assessment of occupational exposure to microwave radiation. Chemosphere 1999;39:2301"‘12.

Moustafa YM, Moustafa RM, Belacy A, Abou"‘El"‘Ela SH, Ali FM.Effects of acute exposure to the radiofrequency fields of cellular phones on plasma lipid peroxide and antioxidase activities in human erythrocytes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2001;26:605"‘8.

Yadav AS, Sharma MK. Increased frequency of micronucleated exfoliated cells among humans exposed in vivo to mobile telephone radiations. Mutat Res 2008;650:175"‘80.

Paulraj R, Behari J. The effect of low level continuous 2.45 GHz waves on enzymes of developing rat brain. Electromagnetic Biol Med 2002;21:221"‘31.

Lai H, Singh NP. Single"‘and double"‘strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells after acute exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 1996;69:513"‘21.

Olive PL, Banáth JP, Durand RE. Heterogeneity in radiation"‘induced DNA damage and repair in tumor and normal cells measured using the «comet» assay. Radiat Res 1990;122:86"‘94.

Diem E, Schwarz C, Adlkofer F, Jahn O, Rüdiger H. Non"‘thermal DNA breakage by mobile"‘phone radiation (1800 MHz) in human fibroblasts and in transformed GFSH"‘R17 rat granulosa cells in vitro. Mutat Res 2005;583:178"‘83.

Tice RR. Applications of the single cell gel assay to environmental biomonitoring for genotoxic pollutants. In: Butterworth FM, Corkum LD, Guzman"‘Rincon J, editors. Biomonitors and Biomarkers as Indicators of Environmental Change. New York: Plenum Press; 1995. p. 69"‘79.