Conference Proceedings

Mobility Levels with Physical Rehabilitation Delivered During and After Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Rahul Krishnan G. — 2024-07-24

Background: This literature review aims to determine whether physical rehabilitation intervention for individuals who require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) after a lung failure, depending on the clinical outcomes, plan the rehabilitation sessions early in the ICU.

Objective: The literature review aims to assess the value of rehabilitation training in ECMO patients in the ICU focusing on physical therapy implemented in the individual. The rehab is quantified based on timing, frequency, and change in mobility level and the potential to enhance recovery outcomes and reduce cardiorespiratory complications.

Methodology: Data-based Search: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Google Scholar. Inclusion Criteria: Studies commonly include ECMO patients of the age group of 25-40 in that 18 papers were chosen for the study. Exclusion Criteria: 5 papers were excluded from the study.

Result: The results show the improvement in the patient’s cardiopulmonary and physical health based on the exercise implemented.

Conclusion: The result of the current literature review highlights that there is improvement in physical condition irrespective of age and complications by the application of physical therapy techniques with modified intensity and duration.

Association Between Camera Weight and Neck Pain Amongst Wedding Photographers in Bengaluru – A Cross-Sectional Study

Dheerav Praveen — 2024-07-24

Background: Background/Introduction: Wedding photography is a physically demanding occupation that frequently requires the handling of bulky camera equipment, potentially leading to neck discomfort among professionals. This study employed a cross-sectional design to examine the correlation between camera weight and neck pain among wedding photographers in Bengaluru, India.

Objective: This study seeks to investigate the prevalence of neck pain among wedding Photographers in Bengaluru and identify potential risk factors, including camera weight, that may contribute to neck pain in this group.

Methodology: 199 wedding photographers were recruited using a convenient sampling. Participants were administered a demographic questionnaire and the Northwick Park Neck Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) to evaluate the presence and extent of neck pain and disability. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, linear regression, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, and hypothesis testing.

Result: The study discovered a statistically significant positive association (r = 0.139, P < 0.05) between the camera and lens’s combined weight and neck pain intensity. The linear regression analysis also showed a somewhat significant beneficial impact of the combined weight of the camera and lens on the level of discomfort (β = 0.0001721, p = 0.05). Normality tests revealed that the assumptions of normality were not met for both the pain intensity and total weight variables, indicating the necessity of using non-parametric methods; hypothesis testing revealed the presence of a substantial positive correlation between camera weight and neck pain.

Conclusion: The study reveals that wedding photographers’ heavy camera and lens equipment adds to neck pain, underlining the need for ergonomic solutions and appropriate therapies.

The Effect of Body Mass Index on Foot Posture Index in Health Care Subjects

Dr. Shweta Kulkarni — 2024-07-24

Background and Objective: Foot posture plays an important role in the quality of daily living activities such as standing, walking, and running. More recently, a link between foot pain and obesity has been reported, with both fat mass and increased Body Mass Index (BMI) significantly associated with foot pain. The objective of this study is to determine the relation between body mass index and foot posture index and associate the same with the risk of injury in the near future.

Method: Fifty subjects in the age group of 20-30 years were recruited as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Subjects foot was assessed based on the foot posture index criteria. Thus, data of 100 foot were analysed.

Results: The participants included 12 males and 28 females with mean age of 22-40. Our study concluded that there is a relation between body mass index and foot posture index.

Interpretation and Conclusion: This study concluded that higher values of body mass index might have an effect on foot posture index in healthy subjects. These components may require extra attention to prevent the associated consequences.

Dynamic Surface Exercise and Hand Arm Bimanual Intensive Training on Trunk Control and Fine Motor in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Case Series

P. M. Swarna — 2024-07-24

Background: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a group of permanent disorders of the development movement and posture, causing activity limitations that are attributed to non-progressive disturbance that occurred in the developing foetal or infant brain which having impact on trunk control and fine motor. Dynamic surface exercise provides proprioceptive and vestibular feedback about the position of body segments in space, prompting an adaptive motor control response to stimuli. Hand-arm bimanual intensive training focuses on functional activities without restraints, concurrently encouraging bimanual hand use through positive feedback and knowledge of performance.

Objectives: The aim of this case series is to find out effectiveness of dynamic surface exercise training and hand arm bimanual intensive training on trunk control fine motor in children with Cerebral Palsy.

Methodology: Subjects were selected based on inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Consent from each subject were taken. Pre-test for trunk control was assessed with the trunk control measurement scale and fine motor was assessed by bimanual fine motor classification. Dynamic surface exercise was given for 5 sessions per week, lasting 60 minutes per day. Additionally, subject received hand-arm bimanual intensive training for a total of 12 sessions over 4 weeks, with sessions lasting 60 minutes per day. Following the intervention, the effects of both components were assessed at 4 and 6 weeks using the same tools as in the pre-test.

Result: The pre-post scores showed improvements in trunk control and fine motor skills across all cases. The dynamic surface exercise resulted in significant improvements in trunk control from severe to mild especially in static and dynamic sitting balance. Hand-arm bimanual intensive training led to notable improvements in fine motor skills from moderate to mild in children with Cerebral Palsy.

Conclusion: The findings of this study concluded that dynamic surface exercise and hand arm bimanual intensive training showed better improvement in trunk control and fine motor in children with Cerebral Palsy.

Comparing the Effects of Muscle Energy Technique Versus Pilates on Pain, Strength and Functional Outcomes Among College Students with Non-Specific Neck Pain

Janani Aru — 2024-07-24

Background/Introduction: Non Specific Neck Pain is characterized by discomfort among college students, approximately 40% students particularly those in healthcare programs complain of nonspecific neck pain that can impact academic performance and well-being. Muscle Energy Technique (MET) a soft tissue manipulation therapy that involves focused muscle contraction and relaxation strategies. Pilates focuses on spinal alignment, flexibility, strength and lowering pain.

Objectives: This study aims to compare the effects of Muscle Energy Technique versus Pilates on Pain, Strength and Functional outcomes among college students with non specific neck pain.

Methodology: 32 physiotherapy students with non-specific neck pain was included in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria Baseline assessments, including Pain Detect Questionnaire scores, Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire, and pressure biofeedback, were conducted before and after the 3-week intervention. Participants received MET treatment in Group A and Pilates in group B with 3-week intervention having 3 sessions per week.

Results: The MET group had a slightly more significant reduction in pain (-13.51%) compared to the Pilates group (-11.27%), while the Pilates group had a slightly better reduction in the Neck Bournemouth Questionnaire Scores (-48.00%) than the MET group (46.53%).

Conclusion: The results suggest that MET can be feasible treatment strategies for reducing neck pain and improving the strength of deep neck flexors whereas Pilates can improve the functional outcome in students with non-specific neck pain. According to the current study MET is found to be a better treatment outcome for NSNP.

Foot Arch Measurement Tool: A Pilot Study

Tanya D’sa — 2024-07-24

Introduction: Pes planus, the most common complex postural foot deformity, occurs when the medial longitudinal arch collapses. This condition can be due to obesity, congenital/genetic and malformations, congenital-vertical-talus, acquired PTTD, ligamentous laxity, or conditions such as CP, RA and DMD. Diagnosing pes planus can be costly and methods are not always available.

Objective: Design a simpler, portable, and inexpensive diagnostic tool to measure arch height and differentiate between flatfoot and non-flatfoot.

Methodology: The study involved 30 participants, 15 males and 15 females, with a mean age of 19.6 years. Approved by IEC, a right-angled triangle tool was designed and marked with graph paper for height measurement. The medial longitudinal arch height was measured for each foot in sitting and standing positions, recording the highest reading. Static footprints were collected and evaluated using the CSI to classify foot types. Arch height measurements were then correlated with CSI-derived classifications.

Results: The study showed 25% of feet classified as flat and 75% as normal. Mean arch heights in sitting [Rt. 16.5 mm (± 3.5), Lt. 16.7 mm (±3.5)] and standing [Rt. 14 mm (± 3.6), Lt. 14 mm (±4)] were significantly different. Arch height ranges for non-flatfoot were 15-21 mm in sitting and 13-19 mm in standing, while flatfoot ranges were 10-14 mm in sitting and 8-12 mm in standing.

Conclusion: The designed tool effectively measures MLA height and differentiates between flatfoot and non-flatfoot. Its ease of use makes it valuable for clinical and large-scale studies, providing a reliable method for assessing and categorizing feet based on arch height.

Prevalence of Peroneal Tendonitis in Backstroke Swimmers

Amrutha A. — 2024-07-24

Background/Introduction: Peroneal tendonitis is a prevalent overuse injury among athletes, including swimmers. Backstroke swimmers, in particular, might be at higher risk due to the repetitive nature of their stroke technique. Understanding how common peroneal tendonitis is in this group is essential for improving athlete health and performance.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of peroneal tendonitis among backstroke swimmers and examine its impact on their activities.

Methodology: Cross-sectional study was conducted with backstroke swimmers at a swimming facility in Bengaluru. Participants were evaluated for peroneal tendonitis using specific diagnostic tests. Additionally, data on previous injuries were collected to explore potential associations with peroneal tendonitis.

Results: The study revealed that 27.1% of backstroke swimmers showed symptoms indicative of peroneal tendonitis. Key factors such as improper technique and repetitive movements were significantly associated with the development of this condition.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that backstroke swimmers are prone to peroneal tendonitis, with modifiable risk factors like technique and training intensity contributing to its occurrence. Implementing strategies to correct swimming technique and manage training loads may help prevent and manage peroneal tendonitis in these athletes.

Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence in Individuals With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Sdm Hospital Dharwad – A Pilot Study

Venus Simons — 2024-07-24

Introduction: This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of urinary incontinence in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in SDM Hospital, Dharwad. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or Alveolar Abnormalities, usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles. According to a study, individuals having COPD who experience chronic cough are prone to develop urinary incontinence, as coughing increases the pressure on the bladder. Any involuntary urine leaking is a defining feature of urinary incontinence, which is defined as a loss of bladder control. The presence of Urinary Incontinence among COPD patients can be a strong factor in terms of exercise avoidance, and reduced social participation and can result in a double risk factor for the adverse effects of physical inactivity.

Objective: To find out the prevalence of urinary incontinence in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in SDM Hospital, Dharwad.

Methodology: A qualitative study was conducted through a questionnaire available in the languages, English and Kannada.

Results and Conclusion: 55 individuals participated in this study, out of which 25 participants complained of symptoms of urinary incontinence. Among those 25 people, 4 of them had slight symptoms, 14 had moderate symptoms, 7 had severe symptoms and none had very severe symptoms. Among the 25 people having Urinary Incontinence, 15 were Women and 10 were Men.

Evaluation of Stretch Shortening Cycle and Conventional Exercise for Lateral Epicondylitis: A Pilot Study

S. M. Divya Mary — 2024-07-24

Introduction: The extensor carpi radial is muscle may become imbalanced compared to other muscles in the upper arm and can disrupt the overall muscle balance in the upper limb. This muscular imbalance may then cause inflammation or irritation in the tendon. Regular physical activity is rarely used as the only treatment for lowering limb edema. Stretch Shortening Cycle (SSC) is effective compared to regular exercises. SSC affects functional abilities and physical refinement differently from conventional workouts.

Objective: This study compared the effects of SSC and conventional exercises on persons with unilateral lateral epicondylitis of the elbow who lived in and around Chennai.

Method: Patient received conservative care in the physiotherapy department from January 2022 to APRIL 2022. This study compares the Pre and Post types. Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) questionnaires, a patient-specific functional scale, and grip strength tests were used in the study. Results from the study’s SSC group and conventional group are contrasted.

Results: After 12 weeks of therapy, investigators reassessed grip strength, PRTEE scores, and functional scale responses. In the post-test results of the patient rated tennis elbow evaluation survey, there is a statistically significant difference between SSC group and conventional group (P<0.001). The post-test outcomes from the patient specific activity scoring scheme questionnaire revealed a statistically significant disparity between SSC group and conventional group (P<0.001). The mean values for both groups exhibited a noteworthy change, with Team SSC demonstrating higher values in contrast to the control treatment.

Conclusion: SSC exercise demonstrates superior effectiveness over CE for LE management, emphasizing its significance in treatment.

Impact of Selected Pranayama on Quality of Life Among Senior Citizens

Vinal Damor — 2024-07-24

Background: The ageing of the population is an inevitable and irreversible process that leads to a continuous decline in quality of life. Pranayama can help to harmonize the body and mind and improve the quality of life for elderly individuals. This study aims to investigate whether specific pranayama can enhance the quality of life for senior citizens.

Aim: To find the impact of selected Pranayama on the quality of life among senior citizens.

Objective: To determine the impact of selected Pranayama on quality of life using the WHOQOL – BREF scale among senior citizens.

Methodology: The study was conducted in Ahmedabad city using purposive sampling. There were two groups, an experimental and a control group. A total of 48 subjects were selected, 24 subjects in each group. Pranayama was given to only the experimental group for 6 weeks, including techniques such as Anulom-Vilom, Bhramri, and OM chanting.

Result: No significant difference was observed in the pre-test mean score. However, in the post-test, a statistically significant difference was found between the experimental group (73.38 ± 10.62) and the control group (70.27 ± 7.83).

Conclusion: Pranayama practice for 6 weeks significantly improved the quality of life for senior citizens.

Effectiveness of Neurobic Exercises on Cognitive Function among Ischemic Stroke Patients

Remya M. Nair — 2024-07-24

Background/Introduction: Stoke is defined as a condition characterized by rapidly developing symptoms and signs of a focal brain lesion with symptoms lasting for more than 24 hours or leading to death with no apparent cause other than vascular origin. (WHO, 2006) Cognitive impairment and Memory loss are common after Stroke. Stroke affects the cognitive domain which includes attention, memory, language and Orientation. It includes problems like planning organizing difficulty in following direction, feeling of slowness or confusion, trouble in concentrating associated with memory, loss of apathy and depression, difficulty in spatial awareness. Neurobic exercise program for brain include various exercises with combination of physical senses. Cognitive therapy exercise leads to improve loss of perceptual attention and decreases loss of reduction in motor control. This program for brain with non-routine or unexpected experiences using various combination of physical senses.

Objective: To find out effect of Neurobic exercises on cognitive function among Ischemic Stroke Patients.

Methodology: The study was conducted Department of Physiotherapy MATHA Hospital Tellakom. Total 50 patients in between age group 55 to75 years individual who having ischemic Stroke. This Study was performed with Randomized control trial. The participants were explained their role in the study and written consent was taken from the patient. The ACE III (Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination) assessment scale and MMSE (Mini Mental State Examination) were explained to patient and the score take.

Result: ACE and MMSE showed significant p value (<0.005) within the experimental group post Intervention. The P value significance both within and in between group. Statistical analysis done by using descriptive and inferential statistic using student’s paired and unpaired ‘t’ test and SPSS 24.0 version used for analysis and Graph pad prism 7.0 version and p<0.05 as level of significance.

Conclusion: Stroke patients who received Neurobic Exercise along with conventional physical therapy showed a statistically significant improvement in cognition. Neurobics exercises effective to improve cognitive function in Ischemic Stroke patients.

Effectiveness of Mckenzie Exercise on Range of Motion and Quality of Life Among Patients with Cervicogenic Headache

E. Logesh — 2024-07-24

Introduction: The International Classification of Headache Disorders defines Cervicogenic Headache as, Headache caused by disorders of the cervical spine and its component of bony, disc and or soft tissue elements, usually but not invariably accompanied by Neck pain. Cervicogenic headache is a secondary headache which leads to decreased functional activity, quality of life and functional disability.

Aim of the Study: The Aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of Mckenzie and Isometric neck exercise on patient with Cervicogenic headache.

Objective of the Study: To understand the pathophysiology of cervicogenic headache to assess the effectiveness of Mckenzie and isometric neck exercise on patients with Cervicogenic headache.

Methodology: This is an Experimental study which has been conducted on 30 Cervicogenic participants the age group between (20to 40 years). The participants were divided into 2 Groups – Control group and Experimental group in each group contains 15 samples. The Experimental group were made to do Mckenzie exercise while Control group were made to do Isometric neck exercise. The outcome measures were used in the study are VAS, ROM and Headache disability index scale to reduce pain, improve ROM and quality of life respectively.

Results: The result of the study showed that the effect of Mckenzie exercise is more effective than Isometric neck exercise in improving Range of motion and reducing pain in Cervicogenic headache.

Group A: Headache disability index scale T value-7.7953, P value-0.0001 and Range of motion T value-0.0001, P value-0.0001 and the Visual analogue scale T value-10.5473, P value-0.0001 pre- and post-test values respectively.

Group B: Headache disability index scale T value-2.5747, P value-0.0156 and Range of motion T value-0.0001, P value-0.0001 and the Visual analogue scale T value-4.9858, P value-0.0001.

Conclusion: This study concluded that both groups showed statistical improvement but there is significantly greater improvement in Experimental group in which the subjects were given Mckenzie exercise when compared to control group where isometric neck exercise is given.

The Impact of Mechanical Traction on Pain and Range of Motion in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Clinical Evaluation

Javid Iqbal Wani — 2024-07-24

Background: Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by pain, stiffness, and reduced Range of Motion (ROM). Conventional treatments include pharmacological interventions, physical therapy, and surgical options. However, mechanical traction, a non-invasive therapeutic modality, has gained attention for its potential benefits in managing knee OA symptoms. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mechanical traction in improving pain and ROM in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to assess the impact of mechanical traction on pain reduction and enhancement of ROM in individuals with knee OA. Secondary objectives include evaluating patient satisfaction and adherence to the treatment protocol. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 60 participants diagnosed with knee OA, divided into two groups: an intervention group receiving mechanical traction and a control group undergoing standard physical therapy. Mechanical traction was administered using a specialized traction device, with sessions lasting 30 minutes, three times a week, for eight weeks. Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while ROM was assessed using a goniometer at baseline, four weeks, and eight weeks. Additionally, patient satisfaction and adherence to treatment were evaluated through questionnaires. Results: Preliminary results indicate a significant reduction in pain levels in the intervention group compared to the control group. Participants in the mechanical traction group reported an average pain reduction of 30% on the VAS, while the control group showed a 15% reduction. ROM measurements revealed a marked improvement in the intervention group, with an average increase of 20 degrees in knee flexion compared to 10 degrees in the control group. Patient satisfaction was notably higher in the intervention group, with 85% of participants expressing contentment with the treatment, compared to 60% in the control group. Adherence to the mechanical traction protocol was also high, with 90% of participants completing all sessions. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that mechanical traction is an effective intervention for reducing pain and improving ROM in patients with knee OA. The significant improvements in pain levels, ROM, and patient satisfaction highlight the potential of mechanical traction as a valuable addition to the conventional treatment modalities for knee osteoarthritis. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods is warranted to confirm these findings and explore the long-term benefits of mechanical traction in managing knee OA.

Prevalence of Fall Risk in Institutionalized Care Elderly Population: In Arpookara Panchayat, Kottayam, Kerala, India - A Population Based Observational Study

Shyni M. — 2024-07-24

Introduction: Aging is a biological reality, which has its own dynamic beyond the control of humans. Falls are an important cause of disability and mortality among elderly. The age of 60 and above are considered as the beginning of old age. The increase of life expectancy has been a source of concern about quality of life and wellbeing of elderly people, especially regarding falls. Objective: The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of falls in institutionalized care geriatric population. Methodology: The study was conducted in the geriatric rehabilitation center at Arpookara Panchayath, Kottayam district, Kerala. Received informed consent from the authorities of geriatric rehabilitation center and the purpose of the study was explained. Medical data of the patients with risk of fall was collected from the geriatric center authorities. Subjects who met the following criteria: 1) Ambulatory elderly men and women aged 60 years old or older 2) Subjects in institutional setting. 3) The use of 2 outcome measures related to falls risk and balance. 4) Subjects with a history of fall within one year. 5) Subjects willing to participate in the survey. 6) Co-operative patients with controlled health condition. The selected patients are assessed using Falls Risk Assessment Tool (FRAT). Result: Out of the total three hundred and five inhabitants, 72 subjects had history of fall and fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the study, aged 68+/- 6 years (23.6% of the sample) suffered falls. Patient falls once in last 12 months (76.3%), One or more falls between 3 and 12 months ago (29.1%). One or more falls in last 3 months (8.3%). Patients taking one medicine (87.5%) (Sedatives, anti-depressants, anti-hypertensive) Patients taking more than 2 medicines (59.7%). Patient does not have any of the psychological disturbances (69.4%), Patients affected by one or more psychological disturbances was (45.8%). Patients affected by cognitive status mildly as per AMTS is (95.8%) and moderate was (26.3%). Patients with low risk of fall were (82%), medium risk of fall (74%), high risk of fall (13%). Conclusion: The study showed that the prevalence of falls among institutionalized elderly is moderate and if more physiotherapeutic care and proper health awareness is provided it would be possible to minimize such incidence to the maximum possible extent.

The Effect of Swiss Ball Exercises And Plyometric Exercises on Core Muscle Strength Among Badminton Players

Sumathi M. — 2024-07-24

Background: Core Strength Training (CST) has been shown to improve performance in several sports disciplines. CST is recognized as one of the crucial elements that enhance athletic performance, particularly impacting badminton skills. The core exercise involves the strength, stability and injury prevention in badminton players. The Swiss ball exercises and Plyometric exercises has been described to increases the strength of the core muscles. Aim: The aim of the study is to compare the effect of Swiss ball exercises and Plyometric exercises on core muscles strength among badminton players. Need of Study: This study is essential for badminton players on the core strength as it improves their athletic performance, co-ordination and endurance level. Methodology and Procedure: Total of 30 samples are taken and divided into 2 groups. Group A receives the Swiss ball exercises and Group B receives plyometric exercises. Study procedure was started by measuring the core strength of each badminton players by vertical jump and plank test before swiss ball exercises and plyometric exercises. Result: The results of the study states that each group shows p value however Group B (Plyometric) shows more significant improvement than the Group A (Swiss ball exercises). Conclusion: This study concluded that both group shows significant improvement but Group B (Plyometric exercises) shows more improvement than Group A (Swiss ball exercises) in the strengthening of core muscles among badminton players.

The Effectiveness of Functional Strength Training in Improving Walking Ability in A Child with Cerebral Palsy: A Case Report

Soumya S. — 2024-07-24

Introduction: Cerebral Palsy is a condition caused by non-progressive lesion in the developing brain. The walking ability in children with Cerebral Palsy is worse than their peers without disability and may get even worse with the age advancement. Therefore, an effective intervention for children with cerebral palsy to preserve or to improve their motor functions is very important.

Objectives: Children with Cerebral Palsy typically walk slowly and have difficulty in performing activities like walking up and down steps and running. The objective of this study is to find out the effectiveness of functional strength training in improving walking ability in a child with Cerebral Palsy.

Methodology: A six year’s old male child with spastic quadriplegic type of Cerebral Palsy classified as level V according to Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), participated in the study. Assessments were done at baseline and 12 week’s post-intervention. Gross Motor Function Measure 88 (GMFM-88), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) were assessed. A functional strength training protocol with resisted exercises and weight training is applied for 5 sessions in a week for 12 weeks is applied.

Result: The child responded well to the treatment. Post rehabilitation, he was able to maintain sitting balance, initiate reach outs and able to stand with support from sitting position. There was significant improvement in walking ability. The GMFM score increased especially in dimensions D and E, and also the TUG score decreased after the strength training.

Conclusion: The child showed improvement both clinically and with outcome measures. Therefore individualized functional strength training is an effective alternative in rehabilitation of children with CP.

Influence of Gender on Training Symmetrical Weight Bearing Stance with Sit to Stand Activity in Hemiplegics

Thiagarajan Dhananjeyan — 2024-07-24

Background: After stroke the limb loading ability in the affected extremity becomes very poor or nil in early stages and later it results in learned non-use and Falls during transfers. Approximately 37.2% of falls among stroke patients occurred during transfers of while they were changing positions from sitting to Standing or vice versa. After 3 months Post stroke women were more dependent on ADLs and Increased disability. There are very few training strategies used to train symmetrical loading like weight shifting exercises, task specific exercises, reaching activities, sit to stand training etc. But these training strategies have not explored the gender influence.

Aim: To study the gender influence on gaining symmetrical weight bearing stance with sit to stand activity.

Methodology: This study is done at Raghav Physiotherapy and Advanced Rehabilitation Centre with 20 Samples. Participants randomly allocated into Group A (10 Males) and Group B (10 Females) Sit to Stand Training given for 20 minutes/five days per week of 2 week’s period along with regular physiotherapy sessions. Force Platforms were used to measure the weight distribution in lower extremities before and after training sessions.

Results: Both Groups shown statistically significant improvement and Group A showed more significant improvement

Conclusion: Both Male and Female Hemiplegics improved and Male Hemiplegics improved more significantly.

Clinical Implication: This study emphasizes to utilize variety of strategies in improving motor skills especially among female hemiplegics to achieve significant difference in functionality, learning and activities of daily living.

Effect of Balance Training in Individuals with Sarcopenia - A Pilot Study

Sharmila S. — 2024-07-24

Background and Objectives: Sarcopenia are caused by a complex and interrelated set of pathophysiological processes. It is associated with a low-inflammatory state and involves not only muscle tissue loss and muscle contractile failure, but also endocrine and metabolic problems. The objective of the study is to find out the effect of balance training in subjects with sarcopenia.

Methodology and Methods: Ten samples that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for the study and were divided into two groups. Group A — balance training and Group B — conventional treatment, outcomes were measured using a berg balance scale and skeletal muscle mass formula and fall score.

Results and Discussion: The statistical significance showed that the p value (0.005) of Group A was found to be more significant than Group B, which proves that during balance training has improved fall risk score in subjects with sarcopenia.

Novelty: Balance training is a new form of treatment approach proven to be effective in improving the skeletal mass, fall score in subjects with sarcopenia.

Effectiveness of Hypopressive Exercises versus Spinal Graded Exercises on Pain among Postpartum Mothers with Low Back Pain

Soundarya M. — 2024-07-24

Background/Introduction: Low Back Pain (LBP) is considered to be the most salient feature during the postpartum period. The incidence of postpartum symptoms peculiarly back pain varies from women to women with vanishing of symptoms in over 60% in two days postpartum to as high as 82% at 18 months. This condition is frequently very stressful, resulting in decreased in quality of life of the mother. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study is to find the effectiveness of Hypopressive exercise and Spinal graded exercises on pain among postnatal mothers with Low Back Pain. Methods: 14 mothers clinically pre diagnosed with Low back pain were included in the study. Subjects were randomly allocated. 14 mothers (between age group of 25-35 years) were selected and divided into 2 groups with informed consent the protocol was explained to the subject. Intervention Group A (n = 7) was given Hypopressive exercises for 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks. This session lasted between 30 to 40 minutes and Intervention Group B (n = 7) was given Spinal graded exercises to perform for 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks. The outcome measure of the exercise was measured using Visual Analog scale, Oswestry disability index for pain and disability respectively. Results were tabulated using statistical analysis. Result: The analysis shows that the significant value (p-value) for both intervention A and intervention B P<0.0001. The mean value of the outcome measure VAS and ODI shows that Hypopressive exercises (VAS A = 2.66) and (ODI A = 4.67) is more effective than the Spinal Graded exercises (VAS B = 2.09) and (ODI B = 3.66). Conclusion: This study concluded that both groups showed significant improvement but group A (Hypopressive exercise) is more effective than group B (Spinal graded exercise).

A Study on Prevalence of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Visiting Urban Health Center

Michael Selvaraj A. — 2024-07-24

Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication, affecting up to half the diabetics. Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) predominantly affects the hands and lower limbs. It leads to loss of protective sensation, resulting in continuous injury to insensitive feet. The early detection of DPN using an objective screening test followed by its appropriate management is important, as up to 50% of diabetic peripheral neuropathies may be asymptomatic.

Objectives: To screen diabetic patients attending an Urban Health Centre of a Marasur Bangalore for DPN. To assess the association between DPN and sociodemographic factors, duration of diabetes, glycemic control, physical activity, body mass index, smoking and habit of alcohol consumption.

Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among 156 diabetic patients attending an Urban Health Centre. Participants were assessed using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), which involves using a questionnaire followed by a physical examination.

Results: The results reveled those 156 patients, 66.6% were male, and 33.3% were female. The mean age was 50.86 years (Standard Deviation [SD] = 12.26 years). The mean duration of diabetes was 8.3 years (SD = 5.5 years). The proportion of diabetics who were screened positive for peripheral neuropathy was 16.5% and 21.8% and 16.5% using the MNSI questionnaire and examination, respectively. Age of 60 years and above was significantly associated with DPN. (OR = 3.982, P value = 0.0001). Duration of more than 5 years of diabetes was also significantly associated with DPN. (OR = 6.01, P value = 0.003).

Conclusion: A high proportion of diabetics were screened positive for peripheral neuropathy, and many of them were unaware of having the complication. Many risk factors associated with DPN were reported in this study. Thus, early diagnosis and management with MNSI or any other validated screening tool in health care institutions is essential.

Comparison of Dynamic Neuromusuclar Stabilisation and Maitland’s Mobilisation on Nerve Conductivity in Subjects with Cervical Radiculopathy

Pavithra Lochani V. — 2024-07-24

Background/Introduction: Cervical radiculopathy is a relatively common neurological disorder resulting from nerve root dysfunction, which is often due to mechanical compression of disc. In the absence of myelopathy or significant muscle weakness all patients can be treated with conservative management.

Objective: To compare the effect of Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilisation and Maitland Mobilisation in improving nerve conductivity and muscle activity in patients with cervical radiculopathy

Methodology: 34 subjects with unilateral cervical radiculopathy were selected based on selection criteria. Subjects were divided into 2 groups. Group A received Dynamic neuromuscular stabilisation exercise. Group B received Maitland mobilization. Pre-test was done using NCV for median nerve conductivity and EMG for pronator teres muscle activity. Post-test was done using the same outcome after the cessation of the intervention. Data collected was used for statistics.

Result: The statistics revealed that subjects treated with dynamic neuromuscular stabilization exercise showed a highly significant improvement in reducing pain and improving function in subjects with cervical radiculopathy. Where, the p value is less than 0.05.

Conclusion: The study focused on improvement in the nerve conductivity and muscle activity in upper limb concludes that intervening dynamic neuromuscular stabilization exercise showed a showed a better difference than the Maitland mobilization.

Effectiveness of Breath Hold Technique in Bronchial Asthma Patients to Improve Quality of Life – A Pilot Study

Priya Accal Thomas — 2024-07-24

Background/Introduction: Asthma is a major noncommunicable disease, causing inflammation and narrowing of the small airways in the lungs with symptoms, which can be any combination of cough, wheeze, shortness of breath and chest tightness. The recent Global Burden of Disease (GBD, 1990-2019) estimated the total burden of asthma in India as 34.3 million, accounting for 13.09% of the global burden. (2) Inhaled medication can control asthma symptoms and allow people with asthma to lead a normal, active life. Avoiding asthma triggers can also help to reduce asthma symptoms. The current evidence-based guidelines by Bateman ED, Khadadah M, Rabe KF et al., suggested that most patients with asthma can have complete control over the symptoms and can pursue regular activities without any restrictions. However, prospective studies from real-life scenarios have confirmed that a significant number of patients do not achieve this target. Haughney J, Nguyen K, Schatz M et al., also often noted that a significant number of patients suffer from poorly controlled asthma despite being on the appropriate medication, as recommended. Inadequate access to healthcare, faulty inhaler use, a lack of specialist care and low literacy are a few of the factors associated with poor asthma control. Many patients with difficult asthma have improper inhaler techniques. Schatz M, Thoonen BP, Park J et al., evidences indicate that improving compliance and inhaler technique results in better asthma outcome, including improved control and quality of life.

Objective: To study the effectiveness of breath hold technique in bronchial asthma patients to improve quality of life.

Methodology: The study conducted was an experimental approach. A sample of 10 subjects satisfying the inclusion criteria were divided into control group and experimental group. The control group received conventional therapy of Breathing through the Nose (Nasal Breathing) Relaxation (Relaxed, controlled breathing) Decreasing Air Leaving (Decreased expiratory flow through pursed lip breathing). For experimental group in addition to conventional therapy, these subjects were separately educated, trained and exercised the breath hold technique for the usage of inhalers. Total treatment duration was 7 days. The subjects were assessed using spirometry for pulmonary function. The pre-test values were taken on the 0th day and post-test values were taken on the 7th day of treatment.

Result: Statistical analysis using both dependent and independent ‘t’ test showed that breath hold technique along with conventional therapy improved FEV1 value and Quality of life scale. All the pulmonary function parameters above increased more in the experimental group than in the control group.

Conclusion: Breath hold technique, among the several steps in the checklist provided by manufacturers leaflets, in bronchial asthma should be strictly followed to ensure optimal drug delivery of inhaled medication and thereby improving quality of life and improving pulmonary function in subjects with bronchial asthma along with conventional therapy.

Efficacy of Dynamic Taping on Scapular Position and Shoulder Function in Individuals with Subacromial Impingement Syndrome

R. Siva Anandhi — 2024-07-24

Background: Background: Subacromial Impingement Syndrome (SIS) is a prevalent condition causing shoulder pain and dysfunction, often linked to abnormal scapular positioning. Dynamic taping, an elastic therapeutic tape, has gained attention as a potential intervention to improve scapular mechanics and enhance the quality of life in affected individuals.

Aim & Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of dynamic taping on scapular position and shoulder function in individuals with Subacromial impingement syndrome.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 10 participants diagnosed with SIS. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group receiving dynamic taping or a control group receiving sham taping. Pre and post-tests were evaluated before and after two weeks of intervention. Outcome measures included scapular position assessed with lateral scapular slide test and shoulder function evaluated with the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire.

Results: The Dynamic Taping group shows significant improvements in scapular position and shoulder function compared to the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Dynamic taping effectively improves scapular position, reduces pain, and enhances shoulder function and quality of life in individuals with Subacromial Impingement Syndrome.

Effect of Dynamic Exercises Utilizing PNF Patterns on Balance, Gait Speed and Fear of fall in Subjects with Diabetic Polyneuropathy

Neha Sharma — 2024-07-24

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of type 2 diabetes. It presents with a symmetrical peripheral degeneration of peripheral nerves. Approximately one of three people with diabetes is affected by distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy which is associated by marked impairment in balance and quality of life due to partly excruciating neuropathic pain and foot ulcers.

Objectives: To determine the effect of dynamic exercises utilizing PNF patterns on balance, gait speed and fear of fall in subjects with diabetic polyneuropathy.

Methods: 30 subjects with mild diabetic polyneuropathy within the age group of 40-65 years were recruited for the study and assigned to one of the 2 groups: Group A and Group B respectively. Group A underwent dynamic exercises utilizing PNF patterns while the subjects in Group B were recommended to walk. The treatment sessions were scheduled for 45min/day, 4 days/week for the duration of 6 weeks. Balance, Gait speed and Fear of fall were assessed prior to the treatment and post intervention at 6 weeks using Berg Balance Scale (BBS), 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT) and Fear of Fall-International (FES-I) respectively.

Result: In Group-A, the pre and post test scores of SSV with mean and SD of 0.308±0.038 and 0.342±0.055, was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05); FV scores with mean and SD of 0.414±0.031 and 0.422±0.118, was found to be statistically non-significant (p>0.05); FES-I scores with mean and SD of 53.53±3.29 and 35.00±3.62, was found to be statistically highly significant (p<0.001) and BBS scores with mean and SD of 33.00±5.34 and 44.67±1.49, was found to be statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Similarly, in Group B, the pre and post test scores of SSV with mean and SD of 0.309±0.027 and 0.357±0.077, was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05); FV scores with mean and SD of 0.452±0.062 and 0.450±0.110, was found to be statistically non-significant (p>0.05); FES-I scores with mean and SD of 50.33±7.97 and 49.33±7.45, was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) and BBS scores with mean and SD of 36.40±4.30 and 37.40±4.38, was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). After comparing the post interventional scores in between the groups, scores of FES-I and BBS were found to be significant (p<0.05) while, the scores of SSV and FV were found to be non-
significant (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The result showed that both the interventions were individually effective but when both the groups were compared, Group A was found to be more effective than Group B.

Role of Musculoskeletal Variables of Ankle and Foot in Balance: A Review

Purvi Patel — 2024-07-24

Background/Introduction: Balance is a combined process of maintaining and achieving a state of stability. There are many musculoskeletal factors of ankle and foot that affect balance. Muscular strength and flexibility of ankle muscles as well as foot posture and deformity are the components necessary to achieve balance. These contractile and non-contractile structures are considered to be affecting the static and dynamic balance control ability.

Objective: There are many literatures which have studied the individual component of ankle and foot that are affecting balance but very few literatures are available on multiple components affecting balance. Hence, this study aims to present a summary review of the current state of knowledge about the influence of different factors of ankle and foot on balance.

Methodology: After finalizing the keywords, literatures were searched using various search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, COCHRANE, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PEDRO. Electronic libraries, Electronic Journals, and from the print sources i.e. Journals, Textbooks, Hand searching, Follow-up references were used for the source of data. All the articles were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Result: studies shows that plantar flexion flexibility affects balance more than dorsiflexion. However, Strength of ankle dorsiflexors affect balance more than planter flexors. Deviation of foot affects dynamic reach. Studies have also shown to affect antero-posterior sway.

Conclusion: Reviewed articles suggested that there is a high correlation between ankle range of motion, ankle muscle strength and pronated foot with static as well as dynamic balance. Whereas, supinated foot does not have a significant relationship with balance.

The Impact of Infrared Radiation on Perineal Pain and Episiotomy Recovery in Postpartum Women - A Review of the Literature

Srujana Kona — 2024-07-24

Introduction: Episiotomy is a surgically planned incision of the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall in the second stage of labour to reduce the risk of perineal trauma. Infrared radiation therapy is a superficial heating modality used in physiotherapy department to promote healing and pain relief.

Objective: The purpose of the study is to find the effectiveness of Infrared radiation therapy in episiotomy wound healing and perineal pain relief in postpartum women.

Methodology: Electronic databases like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar was reviewed to identify relevant literature about the said topic that are published from 2014 to 2023. Total 50 articles were reviewed, and 6 articles are selected which fulfils the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Experimental group was given IRR for 10 minutes, two times per day for three consecutive days with routine wound care and control group was given only routine wound care. The outcome assessment was done using VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) for pain perception and REEDA scale for assessing healing.

Result: Majority of postnatal women with episiotomy in experimental group had severe pain before infrared radiation therapy and most of a postnatal woman with episiotomy on the 3rd day in the experimental group had no pain after infrared radiation. Majority of the postnatal women with episiotomy on the 3rd day in the experimental group had complete healing and majority of control group had a moderate degree of wound healing after Infrared radiation therapy.

Conclusion: With the above studies thorough review following conclusion is drawn - the IRR is effective in reducing episiotomy pain and promoting wound healing. Therefore, it is recommended in the early puerperium to augment the faster recovery of the mothers.

Effects of Neuroplasticity Based Brain Gym Exercises on Concentration among Adults

Manjula S. — 2024-07-24

Introduction: Brain Gym Exercises significantly improves the concentration function of the adults. Neuroplasticity has a tremendous impact on the adults in improving cognition, after six weeks of implementation of brain gym program. There was an increase in memory, cognitive function, concentration, attention and alertness to reduce senility or dementia.

Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Neuroplasticity based Brain Gym Exercises on concentration among adults.

Objective of the Study: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of neuroplasticity based brain gym exercises on aerobic exercises among adults while improving concentration.

Need of the Study: Concentration deficit can be frustrating, but most of the time they aren’t cause for concern. Age related changes are not the same thing as dementia. There are many ways to improve cognitive skills, prevent lack of concentration and protect the grey matter. Brain Gym exercises were given to overcome such problems in adults. Method: 20 Subjects from both the genders, in the age group of 35-45 years, who were noticed as suffering from concentration deficit, were separated into two groups, A & B. 10 subjects (A-experimental group) were given brain gym exercises and the remaining 10 subjects (B-control group) were given aerobic exercises for a period of six weeks, one hour per day for 5 days per week. The outcome measure used was concentration questionnaire.

Result: The data collected were statistically analysed by paired t-test. From the result of the statistics, it was found out that the level of concentration of the subjects was increased. Conclusion: The study concluded that brain gym exercise was more effective in improving concentration among adults.

Systematic Review: Physiotherapy Interventions, an Emerging Approach for Childhood Obesity and Risk of Diabetes

Priyanka Amitkumar — 2024-07-24

Background/Introduction: Obesity is one of the leading noncommunicable diseases prevalent worldwide. 17 million children are prone to be obese in India by 2025. Childhood obesity etiology is multifactorial, including unhealthy food habits, sedentary lifestyle and environmental factors. Childhood obesity is linked to serious health issues like metabolic disorders, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders and mental health disorders. Childhood obesity and diabetes management and prevention strategies are crucial to reducing the incidence of chronic disease, improving overall public health, and ensuring a healthier future generation.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review is to inform healthcare organizations, policymakers, and pediatric health professionals about the potential benefits of integrating Physiotherapy interventions into comprehensive diabetes management programs for children. This review aims to contribute to the development of evidence-based strategies aimed at promoting the health and well-being of obese children with diabetes, ultimately improving their quality of life and long-term health outcomes.

Methodology: Relevant studies published from 2018 to 2023 were sought in key databases Google scholar, PubMed and PEDRO by using keywords.15 peer reviewed articles which focused on obese children, measurable outcomes and physiotherapy interventions were included. Based on PRISMA guidelines studies were analyzed.

Result: The systematic review identified significant benefits of physiotherapy interventions like in improving metabolic control, physical fitness, and quality of life among children with diabetes and obesity. Findings suggests the role of physiotherapy as a crucial component offering promising outcomes for enhancing health and well-being in this population.

Conclusion: The reviewed studies consistently demonstrated that physiotherapy interventions, encompassing exercise programs like aerobic exercise and resistance exercise, lifestyle modifications, and educational components, play a crucial role in improving outcomes for both diabetes and pediatric obesity. Exercise interventions help in reducing adiposity, increasing lean body mass, and improving cardiovascular fitness, all of which contribute to weight management and metabolic health.

Correlation of Foot Posture with Balance and Pelvic Tilt in Healthy Runners

Pragati Bhagwan Shetkar — 2024-07-24

Introduction: Hyper-pronated foot is a functional deformity which mainly affects the total body kinematic chain during dynamic weight-bearing events such as running when the foot lands on the ground. Furthermore, individuals with hyper-pronated foot may exhibit anterior pelvic tilt owing to the biomechanical relations, which alters balance as well. Runners with hyper-pronated feet are at high risk of injury, possibly because of larger torque generated at the lower limb.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to find out the relationship of hyper-pronated foot with anterior pelvic tilt and dynamic balance in recreational runners.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 55 healthy recreational runners with hyper-pronated foot aged 19-30 years. They were assessed by foot posture index for hyper-pronated foot, Star Excursion Balance Test for dynamic balance evaluation, and the photogrammetry method to determine the anterior pelvic tilt angle.

Results: The results revealed a poor correlation between foot posture index and dynamic body balance (r = 0.23) and a moderate correlation between foot posture index and anterior pelvic tilt angle (r = 0.47).

Conclusions: There was no significant correlation of foot posture index with dynamic body balance, whereas a minimal correlation was found between foot posture index and the anterior pelvic tilt angle. Therefore, hyper-pronated foot does not significantly directly influence balance or posture.

Evaluation of Pulmonary Function, Endurance and Cognition in Health Care Workers Wearing Masks for Prolonged Duration of Time

Spoorthi N. Raj — 2024-07-24

Introduction: Health Care Workers (HCWs) often wear masks for extended periods, potentially affecting lung function, endurance, and cognition. The aim of the study was to document the consequence of extended period of mask usage on pulmonary function, exercise capacity and cognition on HCWs.

Objectives: Primary Objective:
1. To assess the consequence of prolonged usage of mask on respiratory function and exercise capacity in HCWs.

Secondary Objective:
1. To assess the consequence of prolonged usage of mask on cognition in HCWs.
2. To analyze the consequence based on the type of mask.

Methodology: Hundred and six health care workers aged 25-45 years were included in the study that was conducted at selected hospital of South Bangalore, using masks for a minimum of 6 hours daily. Spirometry, 6 Minute walk test and Cognitive Failure Questionnaire(CFQ) were used to assess their pulmonary function, endurance and cognitive abilities

Results: Predominantly female participants (64.15%) used mainly surgical masks, with irregular exercise patterns. Around 50% had experienced COVID-19 in the past three years. No significant differences in FVE1, FVC, and PEF were noted based on mask type, but FEV1/FVC ratios were clinically reduced. All HCWs achieved normal 6-minute walk distances, with slight declines in cognitive function.

Conclusion: This cross-sectional study reveals a clinically significant reduction in FEV1/FVC ratios among HCWs wearing masks. Despite this, 6 minute walk distances were within expected ranges for age and sex. Masks mildly affected cognitive function in HCWs.

Preliminary Findings on the Impact of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Blood Pressure, Lung Function, and Functional Capacity in Essential Hypertension: A Pilot Study

Shwetha S. S. — 2024-07-24

Introduction: Uncontrolled blood pressure is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and globally are the most common cause of death and disease. Among the array of non-pharmacologic treatments, a prolonged regimen of inspiratory muscle training has produced remarkable outcomes, such as enhanced blood pressure control and restored autonomic balance in individuals with hypertension, as well as improved baroreflex sensitivity.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effects of inspiratory muscle training on blood pressure, pulmonary functions, and functional capacity in individuals with essential hypertension.

Methodology: Study Design: This is a single-arm pilot study with a pre-post intervention design.

Participants: A convenience sample of 30 adults (Age 40-60) diagnosed with essential hypertension divided into 2 groups, 15 in control and 15 in experimental group, Participants will be recruited from a local hypertension clinic.

Intervention: Participants will engage in a 6-week inspiratory muscle training program using the Threshold Inspiratory Muscle Training device (RESPIRONICS), followed by diaphragmatic breathing exercises while seated in a chair. The training will consist of supervised sessions conducted 6 times a week, with each session lasting 30 minutes. The control group will practice only slow-paced diaphragmatic breathing exercises at a rate of 15 to 20 breaths per minute. These sessions, held within the institution, will be customized to match each participant’s fitness level.

Results: Most interventions were conducted over a 6-week period, demonstrating improvements in systolic (6 mmHg) and diastolic (4 mmHg) blood pressure. Pre and post intervention assessments will be performed at the same time of day to reduce variability. Descriptive statistics will summarize participant demographics, while changes in blood pressure, pulmonary function, and functional capacity will be analyzed using paired t-tests. Conclusion: This pilot study explored the feasibility of incorporating Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) to reduce essential hypertension. Few studies have examined the effectiveness of IMT compared to conventional aerobic training, which has shown significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure through decreased sympathetic activity. Additionally, IMT has demonstrated notable improvements in FVC and FEV1 values, as well as significant enhancements in 6-minute walk test performance.

Prevalence of Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome Among Recreational Runners and its Association with Foot Posture

Avi Fernandes — 2024-07-24

Background: Physical activity, ranging from daily movements to vigorous exercises like recreational running, offers numerous health benefits but can also lead to issues such as Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS). MTSS, often mistaken for shin splints, causes significant pain along the inner shinbone and is influenced by training errors and biomechanical issues, including variations in foot posture. The Foot Posture Index (FPI-6) is a crucial tool for assessing foot posture, categorizing it as pronated, neutral, or supinated. Despite its clinical utility, research on foot posture and MTSS among recreational runners in India is limited. This study aims to explore the relationship between foot posture and MTSS in this demographic to enhance understanding and inform preventive strategies.

Aim: The study aims to explore the relationship between foot posture and MTSS in this demographic to enhance understanding and inform preventive strategies.

Methodology: The foot posture of recreational runners was evaluated using the Foot Posture Index-6 (FPI-6) after obtaining informed consent. A comprehensive screening process and clinical examination, including shin palpation and shin oedema tests, were conducted to identify MTSS. The FPI-6 assessed six criteria to classify foot alignment, from highly supinated to highly pronated. Data analysis determined the association between foot posture and MTSS. Participants received educational materials and individualized exercise recommendations based on their foot posture assessment to improve running biomechanics and reduce the risk of MTSS.

Data Analysis: Categorical variables were presented in tables with frequency and percentage values. Quantitative variables were described using descriptive statistics, including mean, median, standard deviation, and 95% confidence intervals. The influence of foot types on MTSS was analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-Square test, with significance defined as P ≤ 0.05.

Results: Among 70 recreational runners, 51.4% were aged 18-23, and 48.6% were aged 24-29, with 75.7% male and 24.3% female. MTSS was present in 71.4% of participants. Foot posture analysis indicated a distribution of normal, pronated, supinated, and highly supinated feet. A significant association between MTSS and FPI-6 scores was observed for the left foot but not for the right foot. The p-value of more than 0.05 suggests foot posture might not significantly associate with MTSS.

Effectiveness of Lee Silverman’s Voice Treatment (LSVT) Big and Strength Training on Balance, Physical Activity and Risk of Fall in Elderly Population: A Quasi- Experimental Study

Smrity Rai — 2024-07-24

Background: Balance impairment is a common issue in older adults, impacting quality of life and increasing the risk of falls and injuries. Traditional exercise programs may not be effective in improving balance. The LSVT BIG program, designed for Parkinson’s disease, has shown benefits, but its effectiveness in older adults with balance impairments is unclear. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of LSVT BIG and strength training on balance, physical activity, and fall risk in an elderly population. Methodology: 35 participants underwent assessments using the Mini- Mental State Examination and Berg Balance Test. Pre-tests included BBS, TUG, PASE, and POMA Tinetti tests, and received 4 weeks of LSVT BIG and strength training, followed by post-test assessments using the same outcome measures. Result: The study found no age difference between males and females (p > 0.05). Paired t-tests showed significant improvements in BBS, POMA, TUG test, and PASE from pre- to post-protocol evaluations (p < 0.05). Independent t-tests found no differences between sexes at pre-protocol assessment, but significant differences in BBS at postprotocol assessment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that a 4-week LSVT BIG with strength training protocol effectively improves balance, and physical activity, and reduces fall risk in older adults. This protocol can be a valuable addition to traditional balance and strength training for falls prevention in older adults.

Effectiveness of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Technique and Blackburn Exercises on Type 1 Scapular Dyskinesia in Recreational Badminton Players: A Non-Randomised Comparative Study

Bhanu Sree C. — 2024-07-24

Background: Scapular dyskinesia, prevalent in overhead athletes, is the unbalanced movement of the scapula during upper limb motions. Type 1 scapular dyskinesia involves dorsal protrusion of the scapula’s inferior angle. Blackburn exercises enhance scapular neuromuscular control and stability, while Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) techniques improve neuromuscular function through controlled movement patterns.

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of PNF and Blackburn Exercises in alleviating pain and improving daily functional activities among recreational badminton players with type 1 scapular dyskinesia.

Method: Ninety recreational badminton players with type 1 scapular dyskinesia were split into two groups: Group A (n = 45) received blackburn exercises, and Group B (n = 45) received PNF therapy. Pre- and post-tests included NPRS, DASH, and lateral scapular slide test. Both groups were observed three days a week for four weeks.

Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in pain relief, scapular stability, and functional capacity (p<0.005). The PNF group outperformed the blackburn group in scapular stability and overall disability/symptoms.

Conclusion: Both blackburn and PNF therapies significantly improved pain, scapular stability, and functional impairments. However, the PNF group showed greater improvements in athletic performance and scapular stability.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Gongs Versus Angular Joint Mobilization of Physical and Functional Outcome Among Frozen Shoulder Patients Using ICF Coreset- A Case Report

Sowbhagya K. P. — 2024-07-24

Introduction: Background: Frozen Shoulder (FS) is a painful condition marked by discomfort and stiffness. The affected shoulder’s Range of Motion (ROM), is limited to less than 50% of the opposing shoulder. Gong’s mobilization is an end-range mobilization that helps in improving range and functional impairment. Angular joint mobilization helps in Reducing shoulder pain, increased ROM, and decreased disability. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The ICF Core Sets address the domains and categories relevant to a particular health condition by which it can be utilized systematically to evaluate and document the specific areas of activity limitation and participation restriction experienced by the patient. Aim: The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of Gong’s mobilization versus angular joint mobilization in patients with frozen shoulders on physical and functional outcomes using an ICF corset. Methodology: Two patients diagnosed with frozen shoulder stage 2 who meet the inclusion were assessed with the baseline outcome measurement of NPRS, PENN shoulder scale, ROM, and UEFS by using an ICF corset, One patient was treated with Gongs technique, and one with Angular joint mobilization for 2 weeks. The rehabilitation protocol was designed using the Rehabilitation problem-solving form (RPS-Form). Result: The patient who received AJM showed positive improvement in pain, ROM, functional activity and disability than Gongs mobilization after 2 weeks. Conclusion: This study showed significant improvement in pain, ROM, functional activity and disability using an ICF corset and rehabilitation problem-solving form for 2 weeks.

Effects of Yoga and Pilates on Lung Function, Core Strength and Pelvic Tilt on Overweight Individuals

Bhavini Shah — 2024-07-24

Introduction: Sedentary lifestyle has a risk of lifestyle disorders, obesity, stress disorders, respiratory diseases and other comorbidities. Increase in body fat deposition leads to increase in body mass index. This leads to changes in lordosis and core muscular imbalance/weakness. Maintenance of postural stability plays an important role in strengthening the core and respiratory muscles. Diaphragm is a part of core as well as respiratory muscle hence yoga and pilates may help to improve core muscle strength and lung capacity. Physical activities like yoga and pilates helps in achieving good health.

Objective: To compare the effect of yoga and pilates on lung function, core strength and pelvic tilt angle in young overweight individuals.

Methods: 42 participants aged 18-22 years were randomly categorized into two groups: Group A (Yoga) (n = 21) and Group B (Pilates) (n = 21). Duration of the study was 6 months. Readings of outcome measures were taken before and after 4 weeks (12 sessions) of intervention.

Results: Subjects showed significant results within the group in group A FEV1/FVC (P = 0.01), core strength (p = 0.0002), pelvic tilt (p = <0.00001) Group B FEV1/FVC (p = 0.01), core strength (p = 0.0001), pelvic tilt (p = <0.00001) but showed non-significant results when both the groups were compared to each other.

Conclusion: This study concluded that, in comparison between both the groups, there was no significant effect seen which means that both forms of exercises are effective.

Prevalence of Predictive Risk Factors for Shoulder Pain in Young Adult Professional Badminton Players at Selected Clubs of South Bengaluru – A Cross Sectional Study

Dristi Modi — 2024-07-24

Background/Introduction: Badminton, a popular sport in India, demands coordination, stamina, agility, strength, speed, and precision. Despite being non-contact, it often results in injuries, particularly from repetitive overhead shots straining the upper limb, spine, and lower limb. Studies show a high prevalence of shoulder injuries, with 41.66% of upper extremity injuries affecting the shoulder and common nonspecific pain in the upper arm (32%) and shoulder (27%). The sport’s biomechanics involve powerful internal rotation and adduction, followed by increased eccentric activity of external rotators, raising injury risks. This study explores the relationship between shoulder rotational ROM, strength, and trunk rotation ROM to guide injury prevention.

Objective: To screen the young adult professional badminton player for the prevalence of predictive risk factors for shoulder pain.

Methodology: Samples of 50 professional badminton player with shoulder pain between the age group of 18-30years, both male and female were recruited for the study from various academies in south Bengaluru. Shoulder IR, ER and trunk rotation was measured by goniometer and shoulder rotational muscles strength was measured by active force. The data was then subjected to statistical analysis.

Result: In a study of 50 badminton players, 54% were aged 21-30 years, 64% were male, 24% had shoulder IR ROM at risk, and all had normal ER ROM. Additionally, 44% had IR<ER strength, and 94% had trunk rotation, indicating a significant risk of shoulder pain.

Conclusion: Study highlights prevalence of predictive risk factors for shoulder pain, including reduced shoulder range of motion, strength imbalances favoring internal rotation, and deviations in trunk rotation. Targeted interventions are crucial to optimize shoulder function and mitigate injury risks in this group.

Unveiling Hidden Pain: A Case of Neglected Ankle Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and the Importance of Early Diagnosis and Intervention

Srushti S. K. — 2024-07-24

Introduction: Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition that can lead to significant disability if not identified and treated early.

Objective: This case report aims to highlight the crucial role of early diagnosis and evidence- based intervention in preventing long-term disability in pediatric CRPS.

Methodology: A 12-year-old female was referred to our physiotherapy outpatient department for a splint prescription for right great toe flexion contracture by a tertiary-care center. She had a history of surgically treated distal both bone fracture of the right lower limb, sustained five months prior. The patient reported the symptoms of allodynia, oedema and exhibited temperature asymmetry, reduced ankle joint mobility and difficulty weight-bearing which restricted her Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), play and schooling which were not addressed priorly elsewhere. Using the Budapest Criteria, a clinical diagnosis of CRPS was made, with a CRPS Severity Score (CSS) of 15/17. Initial Physical Yherapy (PT) included pain management using Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, sensory re-education, mirror therapy, followed by strength, proprioceptive and functional mobility training.

Result: After six PT sessions, patient showed reduction in pain and oedema. The CSS at six weeks was 4/17. Over eight weeks, she improved in ADLs, returned to school and eventually discontinued therapy.

Conclusion: This case emphasizes the importance of healthcare professionals being vigilant in identifying the signs of CRPS to enable early diagnosis and intervention. This is particularly crucial in pediatric patients to prevent chronic pain which can interfere with their overall development, academic, athletic and social participation.

Use of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation

Suraksha S. — 2024-07-24

Background/Introduction: Musculoskeletal rehabilitation focuses on interventions that help individuals regain normal function and reduce disabilities. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) represents an innovative and novel approach for the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal impairments, where audio-visual feedback is a promising method for correcting faulty movement patterns.

Objective: This review aims to evaluate the role of Virtual and Augmented Reality in the rehabilitation of various musculoskeletal conditions.

Methodology: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, and Pedro databases. Recent articles were screened, and six were included in the review: four experimental studies and two scoping review.

Result: The studies examined the use of VR and AR in gait and balance training, patellofemoral pain syndrome, knee injury prevention in athletes, chronic low back pain, improving lower limb kinematics during squats, upper limb disorders, and complex regional pain syndrome. The findings indicate significant improvements in pain intensity, lower limb kinematics, disability levels, balance and gait patterns, and quality of life. Research highlights the effectiveness of AR and VR technologies in providing immersive visual feedback, offering real-time, interactive visual cues that enhance movement correction precision and engagement during rehabilitation.

Conclusion: Functional training with feedback shows significant potential in reducing pain and improving limb mechanics. Tailoring feedback type and dosage to the patient’s condition is crucial. Advanced technologies like AR and VR, can improve participation, long-term outcomes and enhance the effectiveness of movement retraining strategies. Further research in this field is required to know the impact of these advanced technologies in specific musculoskeletal conditions.

Effect of Indian Clubbell and Kettle Bell Swinging on Upper Body Muscles - A Quasi Experimental Study

Reddysai E. — 2024-07-24

Introduction: Power and strength are essential for good athletic performance. Kettlebells and Indian club bells have become well-liked as useful training aids to improve these qualities. Kettlebells, well-known for their application in military and sports training, and Indian club bells, an age-old technique, both provide special advantages by engaging various muscle groups and allowing for multi-planar motions.

Aim: To assess and compare the effectiveness of Indian club bell and kettlebell swinging on the strength and power of upper body muscles.

Method: The study method is a quasi-experimental design involving 22 participants divided into Indian Club Bell (ICB) and Kettlebell (KB) groups. Pre- and post-tests assessed upper body strength and power using barbell biceps curl, overhead press, and medicine ball overhead throw. Participants followed six-week training programs, with data collected and analyzed to compare the effectiveness of each training program.

Result: Both groups showed significant improvements in strength and power, with detailed statistical analysis indicating varying degrees of effectiveness with a p value <0.001. But the comparison of both groups has no significant difference in the effectiveness with a p value>0.05.

Conclusion: ICB and KB training are both effective for enhancing upper body strength and power, but they offer distinct benefits. This study provides evidence to inform that training of either ICB or KB can be the preference of the trainer.

A Study to Assess and Compare the Core Stability Among the Classical and Modern Dancers

Jyothi kesti — 2024-07-24

Background: Core is described as muscular box (corset) which contains 29 pairs of muscles which stabilizes the lumbopelvic complex in both static and dynamic conditions. Core Stability Training (CST) can prevent both Low Back Pain (LBP) and injuries in extremity for athletes. Dancers like all athletes, also experience musculoskeletal injuries.

Objective: The objective of the study is to assess core strength among the classical and modern dancers and compare the core stability among both classical and modern dancers.

Methodology: This study included subjects between the ages of 12-25 years. The participants were Bharatanatyam and contemporary dancers. Subjects were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study has sample size of 110. Demographic data was collected, prone plank test, side plank test on both sides, flexor endurance test and extensor endurance test were used to assess the core strength.

Results: The standard deviation of the core muscle strength on prone plank 57.29±24.11 and 65.36±31.57, flexor endurance 50.87±21.22 and 57.76±42.97, extensor endurance 58.53±20.07 &60.78±16.82 of classical dancers and modern dancers respectively. Thus, the result of present study showed that there is no difference in the core stability among both the classical form and modern form of dance.

Conclusion: The study concludes that the core stability among the classical and modern form dancers remain same level though they have different styles, patterns, positions of dance.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Education and Training Regarding Breastfeeding Practices Among Primiparous Mothers with Special Reference to Assessing Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices – An Interventional Study

Varsha V. Kumar — 2024-07-24

Introduction: Breastfeeding is crucial for child health and survival, providing essential nutrients and protection against diseases. This study assesses the effectiveness of education and training on breastfeeding practices among primiparous mothers, focusing on knowledge, attitudes, and practices to enhance maternal and child health outcomes. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of education and training regarding breastfeeding practices among primiparous mothers with special reference to assessing knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Methodology: A non-randomized, single-group Interventional study using purposive sampling involved 35 primiparous mothers (aged 18-28). Participants completed pre-tests with a content-validated Breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, and practices (BF-KAP) Questionnaire, followed by a 3-day-per-week educational program. Post-intervention, the same questionnaire assessed changes in knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Result: The reliability coefficient of the questionnaire is >0.7 and hence, it is reliable. The pre and post-test results were compared and there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, and practices from the pre-test to the posttest. Thus there was a significant improvement in the knowledge, attitude, and practices post-intervention. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that education and training significantly improve breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and practices among primiparous mothers. The significant difference in pre-and post-test results indicates the effectiveness of the intervention, highlighting the importance of targeted educational programs in enhancing maternal and child health outcomes.

Effectiveness of Aerobic Stepper Exercise Training to Enhance Coordination and Proprioception in Recreational Football Player: A Waitlisted Randomized Control Trial

Monsamohan T. K. — 2024-07-24

Background: Football is one of the highest-ranked sports around the world, like other sports it is associated with a certain risk of injury to players, that requires many technical skills, at the same time a static, semi-dynamic and dynamic balance, in which motor coordination and proprioception component.

Aim: To assess the effect of aerobic stepper exercise training to enhance coordination and proprioception in recreational football players.

Method: 36 participants were divided into two groups of 18 participants, intervention group and waitlisted group. Pre-test and post-test were carried on i.e., lower extremity motor coordination test, star excursion balance test. Participants followed 4 weeks of training programs.

Result: Significant improvement in all participants were observed. There was a difference (p < 0.05) in LEMCOT (both right and left) as well as SEBT (both right and left) from pre-test to post-test among the intervention group.

Conclusion: The studies conclude that aerobic stepper exercise training helps to increase the coordination and proprioception, in recreational footballers, can be included in the players training program to improve performance and to avoid injury.

Effect of 6-Week Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization Training on Pain, Disability and Quality of Life in Patients with Mechanical Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Moumita Dutta Roy — 2024-07-24

Background: Mechanical low back pain is a common musculoskeletal ailment that is the most common disability in those under the age of 45 and is caused by excessive mechanical strain on collagen fiber without causing structural tissue damage. About 84% of people experience LBP at some stage in their lives, with higher rate of recurrence. Research demonstrates that dysfunction in spinal stabilizers leads to pain by compromising both movement control and joint stability. Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization, is an approach that aims to improve the muscular system’s dynamic stability, hence improving movement and reduce pain.

Objective: To determine the effect of 6-week Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization (DNS) training for management of pain, disability and quality of life of patients with mechanical low back pain.

Methodology: Total 80 patients who have fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly divided into 2 groups. The intervention group (n=20) received DNS training and control group (n=20) received general core strengthening exercises. Treatment was given for 3 sessions/week for 6 weeks for both groups. VAS, pressure algometer, ODI and MMT are the outcome measures used pre and post-tests.

Result: There was significant difference seen in both the groups individually (p<0.05) but on comparison, experimental group was more effective than control group in improving the ODI score (P=0.019).

Conclusion: This study concluded; DNS as an effective treatment for patients with MLBP.

Women and Osteoporosis: A Brief Demographic Study on Asha Workers and Municipal Workers - Observational Study

Neeta Hebballi — 2024-07-24

Background: Asha workers and municipal workers are crucial for India’s public health system. Worldwide, Osteoporosis is estimated to affect 200 million women- approximately one third aged 60, one fifth aged 70, two third aged 80 and two fifth aged 90. This study seeks to understand if the nature of these women activities and their socioeconomic background influences their BMD (Bone Mineral densityDensity) and aims to shed light on potential correlations between age, BMD values, Blood blood pressure, Blood blood sugar.

Objective: This study aims to analyze factors influencing osteoporosis in Asha Aasha workers and Municipal municipal workers.

Methodology: A community camp was conducted for Aasha workers and Municipalmunicipal workers Female female participants aged from 30 to 60 years on the occasion of International international Womens women’s Day day 2023 who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in study. The data collected was subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: The study included 56 female participants in age group of 30 to 60 years, tThe mean age of all participants was 43.2 (±7.24) years. The Mean mean systolic BP, diastolic BP, Blood blood sugar levels and Bone mineral Mineral density Density (BMD) were 126.39 (±11.2), 80.45 (10.9), 131.49 (±44.66), and 0.158(±14.6) respectively.

Conclusion: In-view of younger women having greater prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis, this study suggests early screening, improved fitness, and education about osteoporosis symptoms for women aged 30-40 due to its prevalence in this group.

Effectiveness of Met with K-tape in Reducing Pain, Improving Craniovertebral Angle in Young Adults With Upper Cross Syndrome

Nemat Jahan Ara — 2024-07-24

Background: It has been observed that the majority of adult individuals are at risk for adopting bad postures that may result in upper cross syndromes. Upper Cross Syndrome (UCS) is characterized by stiffness of the major and minor pectoralis upper trapezius and levator scapula and weakness of the middle and lower trapezius cross over with the deep cervical flexors. The prevalence rate of Upper Cross Syndrome in young adults is 26%.

Aim: To assess and compare the effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique (MET) with Kinesio. Tape to reduce pain, and improve craniovertebral angle in subjects with Upper Cross Syndrome in subjects with upper cross syndrome.

Method: This study was a Quasi-experimental study including 18 participants who fulfilled the inclusion criterion and were given MET with K Tape twice a week for four weeks. Pre and post-outcomes were assessed. The data was analyzed statistically.

Result: Significant improvement was found in NPRS Score and CV Angle values (p<0.05) among the experimental group.

Conclusion: MET with K-tape has a significant impact in reducing pain, and improving CV Angle in young adults with Upper Cross Syndrome

A Review on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Fall Risk Least Explored Paradigm in Elderly Population Rehabilitation

Nikitha Singireddy — 2024-07-20

Introduction: The elderly population faces many challenges which will affect their daily activities of daily life. Especially their balance is several compromised due to poor vision and poor proprioception which will keep them at high risk of comorbidities. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is commonly seen in diabetes mellitus which affects sensory, motor, and biomechanical components of the lower limb. This also affects the postural sway of balance which challenges patients’ stability. This review study aims to find out the literature available in highlighting the evaluation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and postural sway and fall risk. In the elderly suffering from T2DM.

Methodology: Various databases were searched with major keywords diabetic peripheral neuropathy, fall risk, postural sway, instability, elderly, T2DM. databases were CINHAL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. In total, 67 articles were selected and 7 articles were selected for this review.

Results: All studies found there was a significant relationship between the severity of neuropathy and postural sway and fall risk. Various clinical, subclinical, and laboratory-based tests were performed to evaluate the outcomes. There was a strong emphasis on early evaluation, diagnosis, and management of postural sway in elderly with T2DM.

Conclusion: As there is a significant relationship between postural sway and fall risk and severity of peripheral neuropathy in the elderly with T2DM, evaluating these risk factors can reduce the falls and its consequences and improve overall routine and occupational activities of daily living.

Effectiveness of Neurobic Exercise Program on Mild – Moderate Psychological Distress in Community-Dwelling Old-Aged Adults

Pragnya Jahnavi — 2024-07-24

Background: Psychological distress is widely used as an indicator of mental health. Distress comprises a variety of symptoms such as depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia. Psychological distress in the elderly remains an under-researched area in India. The overall prevalence of psychological distress among persons aged 60 and over living in the seven Indian States is 40.6%. Recent studies have shown that neurobic exercises are effective in elevating BDNF and neurotrophin levels. Thereby improving memory/cognition functions and reducing symptoms like depression.

Aims of the Study: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of neurobic exercise in reducing psychological distress in community-dwelling old, aged adults.

Methods: A non-randomized, single-group experimental pilot study was conducted. A convenient sampling technique was used in the selection of the participants. 55 participants, aged above 60 were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Selected participants further underwent a screening process using the screening tools according to the inclusion criteria. The participants were explained about their role in the study and written consent was taken from the patient. participants with mild-moderate psychological distress undergo pre-tests with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) Following which, the participants undergo a neurobic exercise program – once in two days for 4 weeks. After completion of the intervention, the same outcome measure tool is used to assess and measure and compare the psychological distress post-intervention.

Results: The pre and post-test results were compared, which showed significant differences. The cut-off scores of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) post-4 weeks of intervention were lower than the pre-intervention scores. Thus there was a significant improvement in the K10 score after 4weeks of intervention.

Conclusion: Thus the study concludes that neurobic exercises are effective in reducing psychological distress in community-dwelling old adults Implications-According to this study and relevant literature reviews neurobic exercises can be implicated clinically by physiotherapists to improve symptoms of psychological distress, and insomnia, to improve cognition and memory. It makes the brain more agile and flexible overall so it can take on any mental challenge, whether it be memory, task performance, or creativity. That’s because neurobiology uses an approach based on how the brain works and neuroplasticity.

Effectiveness of Vibration Therapy for Spasticity in the Chronic Stage of Stroke - A Review of Literature

Pratheep C. N. — 2024-07-24

Introduction: A stroke, also known as a Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA), is a sudden neurological deficit caused by a focal vascular lesion in the brain, resulting from either a blockage (ischemic stroke) or a rupture (hemorrhagic stroke) of a blood vessel. Post-stroke spasticity, a prevalent symptom, involves involuntary muscle contractions causing stiffness and pain. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach, including medical care, therapy, and psychological support. Vibration therapy is a promising technique to enhance muscle function and motor recovery in stroke patients by stimulating muscle contractions and improving voluntary movement.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of vibratory stimulation in the improvement of the motor function of the upper limb in patients with chronic stroke.

Design: To identify relevant studies, databases like PubMed, Cochrane, and ProQuest were used with appropriate search terms. Title, abstract, and full texts were screened to identify studies reporting matrix rhythm therapy. Data was extracted from eligible full-text articles.

Result: The review of 27 articles collectively supports the effectiveness of vibration therapy in the reduction of spasticity during the chronic stage of stroke. The evidence suggests that vibration therapy can lead to significant improvements in spasticity reduction and motor function enhancement among stroke survivors.

Conclusion: Our review suggested that vibration therapy is effectively useful in chronic stroke patients which helps in improving movement intensity and quality. High-intensity, repetitive tasks combined with vibratory feedback enhance motor function.

Comparing the Effectiveness of Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise and Resistance Training Exercise on OA Knee Population with Sarcopenia - A Quasi-Experimental Study

Rafika Siddiqui — 2024-07-24

Background: Osteoarthritis is a major global health concern causing chronic joint pain, reduced function, and lower quality of life. Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in muscle mass and strength, contributes to muscle weakness. Closed Kinetic Chain exercises and Resistance Training are effective in reducing pain, improving function, and enhancing muscle mass, strength, and overall health to combat aging effects in patients with OA Knee with Sarcopenia. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of closed kinetic chain exercise and resistance training exercise on the OA knee population with sarcopenia.

Methodology: 36 participants were recruited who fulfilled the inclusion criterion and were divided into two groups and given intervention for six weeks, where the Closed Kinetic Chain exercise was given to Group A and the Resistance Training exercise was given to Group B for 6 weeks, 3 days per week. Pre and post-outcomes were measured using SARC-F, VAS, 5 times CS test, TUG test, and LEFS. The data was analyzed statistically.

Result: A paired t-test was used to assess the difference in SARC-F, VAS, 5 times CS test, TUG test, and LEFS within Group A and Group B which revealed a statistically significant difference of (p<0.05). There was a clinically significant difference on Group B.

Conclusion: Both Closed kinetic Chain and Resistance Training exercises have shown significant improvement in pain, physical and functional outcomes after 6 weeks. When comparing both the groups Resistance Training showed clinically significant improvement for patients with OA with sarcopenia.

A Correlation Study Between Shoulder Power, Hand Grip Strength, and Functional Movement in Cricket Players of South Gujarat Region by Using Medicine Ball Put Test, Hand Dynamometer and Functional Movement Screen

Riya R. Jain — 2024-07-24

Background: Cricket as a sport requires excellent functional movement, upper extremity power, hand grip strength, and coordination.

Objective: The study aimed to find the correlation between Shoulder Power, Grip Strength, and Functional Movement in Professional Cricket Players of the South Gujarat Region. Shoulder power is essential for cricketers and Medicine Ball Put Test is used to measure it. Hand Grip Strength is one of the best indicators of overall strength of upper limb and the Hand Dynamometer is the most reliable tool to measure grip strength. Functional Movement Screen identifies seven fundamental movement patterns with a score ranging from 0-21 points.

Methodology: This study was conducted with 98 cricketers of age group 18-22 using a convenient sampling method, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria 95 cricketers were included in the study and conducted over 6 months. The Outcome Measures were used to measure Shoulder Power, Grip Strength, and Functional Movement.

Result: The correlation coefficient of Grip Strength and Shoulder Power is r = 0.60, the correlation coefficient of Grip Strength and Functional Movement is r = 0.35 and the correlation coefficient of Shoulder Power and Functional Movement is r = 0.42.

Conclusion: The result concludes that Grip Strength and Shoulder Power have a high correlation + association, Functional Movement and Shoulder Power have a moderate correlation + association and Functional Movement and Grip Strength have a weak correlation + association.

Effectiveness of Myofascial Release with Kinesiotaping Versus Myofascia Release Alone in Improving Flexibility, Strength, and Sprint Performance among Recreational Football Players with Hamstring Tightness – Randomized Controlled Trial

Irivichetty Sai Chandana — 2024-07-24

Background: Hamstring injuries in athletes are common, affecting performance and requiring costly rehabilitation. Myofascial release and kinesiotaping help relieve tightness and enhance muscle flexibility and function.

Aim: This study explores combining myofascial release (MFR) with kinesiotaping versus MFR alone, assessing impacts on hamstring flexibility, strength, and sprint performance in athletes.

Method: Thirty-six participants were randomly assigned to MFR with kinesiotaping or MFR alone for 6 weeks. Pre and post-tests measured AKE flexibility, strength via modified sphygmomanometer, and 20 m sprint performance.

Result: Statistical analysis indicated significant gains in AKE test scores, hamstring strength, and sprint times for both groups (p < 0.001). The experimental group excelled in AKE scores (p = 0.026) and hamstring strength (p = 0.002) compared to controls; sprint improvements were comparable (p = 0.704).

Conclusion: Combining MFR with kinesiotaping enhances hamstring flexibility and strength more effectively than MFR alone, based on significant improvements in AKE scores and strength.

Prevalence of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders and Severity of Neck, Upper Limb and Back Disability Among Coffee and Allied Farming Workers in Sakleshpura

Samarth A. S. — 2024-07-24

Background: One of the significant economic sectors in India is agriculture. Workers in plantation settings are exposed to a multitude of health issues due to the nature of their work, working conditions, and environment, among which Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are a major concern. There is a lack of evidence indicating the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among coffee and allied farm workers in Sakleshpura.

Aim: The study aims to estimate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among coffee and allied farming workers. And to find out the severity of neck, upper limb, and back disability among coffee and allied farming workers.

Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study, and a convenience method sampling, study was done in Sakleshpura. The researcher collected data from each subject through direct oral interviews using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ), the Neck Disability Index Questionnaire (NDI), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH), and Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (MOLBPDQ) were administered to coffee and allied farming workers who reported experiencing neck pain, shoulder pain, and low back pain on the NMQ. The data collected was then subjected to statistical analysis.

Result: The present study showed that maximum coffee and allied farming workers were affected in lower back (59.52%) during the last 12 months.

Conclusion: In this study, it was found that workers involved had ergonomic risks and determined that lower back issues are more prevalent compared to neck and upper back problems.

Effectiveness of Maitland Mobilisation with and without Kinesio Taping on Pain and Upper Limb Function in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome – Quasi-Experimental Study

Sanchita Chatterjee — 2024-07-24

Background: In Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS), the median nerve is compressed at the level of the carpal tunnel in the wrist. This entrapment manifests as unpleasant symptoms like tingling, or numbness in the palm that extends to the fingers. As the disease progresses, individuals report decreased grip strength, hand weakness, and restricted movements.

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of Maitland Mobilisation with and without Kinesio taping on pain and upper limb function in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.

Method: Twenty-four Subjects with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome were divided into 2 Groups. Group A was given Maitland Mobilisation and Group B was given Maitland Mobilisation along with Kinesio taping 3 times for 3 weeks. Outcome measures used were - Boston Carpal Questionnaire – Symptom and Function, Upper Limb Functional Index, and Visual Analog Scale for Pre, Post Intervention, and follow-up.

Result: There was a difference (p < 0.05) in BCTQ-S (Pre-test, Post-test, and Follow up), BCTQ- F (Post-test, and Follow up), UEFI (Pre-test, Post-test, and Follow up), and VAS (Post-test, and Follow up); between both groups. The Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare BCTQ-S, BCTQ-F, UEFI, and VAS within the groups. There was a difference (p < 0.05) in BCTQ-S, BCTQ- F, UEFI as well as VAS within both Group - A and Group - B from pre-test to follow-up.

Conclusion: Both interventions have shown effectiveness for CTS. Between Groups, Group B was more effective than Group A.

A Multi-Liner Regression Model for Prediction of Walking Speed on Postural Muscle Strength, Bradykinesia, Postural Instability and Freezing of Gait in Subjects with Parkinson’s Disease

Aesha Ashwinkumar Pachani — 2024-07-24

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neuro-degenerative disorder characterized by motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and postural instability. These symptoms significantly affect walking speed and overall mobility. Understanding the individual and combined impact of these motor impairments on walking speed is crucial for developing effective rehabilitation strategies.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the correlation between walking speed and postural muscle strength, bradykinesia, postural instability, and freezing of gait in subjects with Parkinson’s disease.

Methods: A total of 31 participants with PD, aged 50-80 and classified as stages 1-3 on the modified Hoehn and Yahr scale, were recruited. Postural muscle strength was measured using a leg, chest, and back dynamometer. Bradykinesia, postural instability, and freezing of gait were assessed using part 3 of the MDS-UPDRS. Walking speed was evaluated using a 2-minute walk test. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including multiple linear regression and correlation analyses.

Results: The study found that postural muscle strength significantly correlates with walking speed in PD patients. The combination of predictors, including bradykinesia, postural instability, and freezing of gait, explained approximately 67.4% of the variance in walking speed. While individual predictors might not show significance alone, their combined effect provides valuable insights into walking performance.

Conclusion: Postural muscle strength plays a critical role in determining walking speed in PD patients. The interplay between various motor impairments, such as bradykinesia, postural instability, and freezing of gait, highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach to rehabilitation. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions focusing on strengthening postural muscles to improve mobility and reduce fall risk in PD patients.

Effectiveness of Southeast Missouri (SEMO) Agility Drill along with Ladder Drill Exercises versus Zig-Zag Drill along with Ladder Drill Exercises on Agility in Recreational Badminton Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Sayali Prashant Banole — 2024-07-24

Background: Agility in badminton is crucial as it allows players to quickly change direction, react to opponents’ shots, and reach the shuttlecock efficiently. This enhances performance by enabling better court coverage, precise shot execution, ultimately giving players a competitive edge. Objective: To check the effectiveness of the Southeast Missouri (SEMO) agility drill along with ladder drill versus zig-zag drill along with ladder drill exercises and conventional drills on agility among recreational badminton players. Method: A total of 33 recreational badminton players participated in the study. It was a randomized controlled trial, single-blinded study. The players were randomized into 3 groups, by envelope method, and alternate allocation who underwent intervention for four weeks, which included a SEMO drill along with ladder drill exercises, a zig-zag drill along with ladder drill exercises, and a control group where players performed conventional drills recommended by their coaches. Agility assessment at pre- and post-intervention was done for the players using the badcamp agility test. Result: After 4 weeks of intervention, The SEMO agility drill group demonstrated the highest effectiveness in the badcamp agility test (Mean = 3.4, S.D. = 1.5), significantly outperforming the zig-zag drill group (Mean = 1.9, S.D. = 0.7) and the control group (Mean = 0.4, S.D. = 1.0) based on a one-way ANOVA (F = 19.98, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The SEMO agility drill along with ladder drill exercises and zig-zag drill along with ladder drill exercises effectively enhance agility among recreational badminton players, with the SEMO agility drill along with ladder drill exercises showing superior results in improving agility.

Effect of Active Release Technique Versus Positional Release Therapy in Subjects with Piriformis Syndrome - A Quasi Experimental Study

Akshata B. Basti — 2024-07-24

Background: Piriformis syndrome is defined as a neuritis of the branches of the sciatic nerve caused by pressure of an injured or irritated piriformis muscle. Symptoms typically consist of gluteal pain that radiates into the hip, posterior thigh, and the proximal portion of leg and the pain increases with sitting or squatting, but persons with Piriformis syndrome may experience difficulty with walking or other functional activities. Attiq Ur Rehman, stated that ART is more effective in improving functional disability in Piriformis syndrome. Amber H. Bethers stated that effect of PRT is more effective at decreasing pain and decreasing pressure sensitivity.So, the aim of the study was to compare the effect of Active Release Technique (ART) and Positional Release Therapy (PRT) in subjects with Piriformis syndromes.

Objective: To assess and compare the effect of active release technique and positional release therapy in subjects with Piriformis syndrome.

Methodology: This study was two group pre-post study design. It included individuals aged 30-50 having Piriformis syndrome. 75 participants were screened and 60 were recruited based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and with “FairTest” assessment tool, Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) where measured pre intervention and post intervention for measuring pain. The intervention comprised of active release technique or positional release technique for 4 days per week for 2 weeks.

Result: Sixty patients had Piriformis syndrome. Pre-treatment no significance differences has been detected among the groups (p<0.05). Post treatment showed a significant increase in the reduction of pain with piriformis syndrome, both ART and PRT showed a reduction in pain with p value (p <0.001).

Conclusion: The study concluded that, positional release therapy demonstrate better outcomes than active release technique in management of piriformis syndrome.

Prevalence of Neck Pain in Office Staff of Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru - An Observational Study

Shehan Fernandez — 2024-07-24

Background: Neck pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint among office workers, often attributed to prolonged sitting, poor ergonomics, and other work-related factors. This observational study aims to assess the prevalence of neck pain and its associated factors among the office staff of Dayananda Sagar University in Bengaluru. Aim: The objective is to determine the prevalence of neck pain among office staff working at Dayananda Sagar University in Bengaluru. Methodology: This study follows a quantitative, cross-sectional and observational study conducted on 30 individuals both male and female using convenience sampling. Participants filled in their demographic data as well as the NPAD scale. A picture was taken and was analyzed to fill out the ROSA scale. Results: The study conducted among office workers at Dayananda Sagar University revealed a moderate prevalence of neck pain, with a mean neck pain and disability score of 29. Additionally, participants experienced a moderate level of ergonomic strain in the office environment, as indicated by a mean rapid office strain assessment score of 4.7. Conclusion: The study conducted among office workers at Dayananda Sagar University highlighted a moderate level of neck pain and associated disability within the group. Additionally, the findings underscored the importance of addressing ergonomic factors to reduce strain and promote better workplace health and productivity.

The Effectiveness of Caregiver-Mediated Exercises on Functional Outcomes in Subjects with Parkinson’s Disease: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Archana Makhija — 2024-07-24

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurological disorder caused by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons, resulting in motor symptoms like tremor and postural instability, and non-motor symptoms such as cognitive decline and depression. The prevalence increases with age. Exercise benefits PD patients by improving balance, gait, and cognitive function. However, as PD progresses, patients’ independence declines, increasing caregiver dependence, characterized by emotional, social, financial, and physical strain for the caregiver. Factors influencing caregiver burden include gender, education, social isolation, and caregiving hours. Caregiver-Mediated Exercises (CME) offer hope for reducing healthcare costs.

Aim: The study aims to synthesize information on the impact of caregiver engagement in home-based therapies on both patient functional outcomes and caregiver burden.

Methodology: This quasi-experimental study evaluated the impact of the Caregiver-Mediated Exercise Program (CME) on functional outcomes and quality of life in 20 PD patients (Hoehn and Yahr Stages 2-3). Motor and functional capacities were evaluated using the MDS-UPDRS and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), respectively. Quality of life was assessed using the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-8 (PDQ-8), while caregiver burden was measured using the Caregiver Strain Index (CGSI). Participants engaged in a four-week CME intervention targeting strength, balance, and walking. Assessments were conducted before and after the intervention.

Results: The results indicated significant improvements in all measured variables following the intervention. PDQ-8, MDS-UPDRS, and CGSI scores showed significant reductions with p-values of < 0.001. FIM scores increased significantly from pre-test to post-test with a t-value of 27.00 and a p-value of < 0.001.

Conclusion: This study suggests that caregiver-mediated exercises positively impact functional outcomes and reduce caregiver burden in individuals with Parkinson’s disease.

Prevalence of Risk Factors for Knee Pain in Young Adult Professional Badminton Players at Selected Clubs of South Bengaluru – A Cross - Sectional Study

N. B. Shishira — 2024-07-24

Background/Introduction: Badminton is a popular sport characterized by high-intensity movements, particularly in the lower extremities, which predispose players to knee injuries. Understanding intrinsic risk factors such as BMI, Q-angle, and Hamstring to Quadriceps (H:Q) ratio is crucial for injury prevention and optimizing performance among badminton players. Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of intrinsic risk factors associated with knee pain among young adult professional badminton players in South Bengaluru. Method: A total of 45 young adult professional badminton players (mean age 23.4 ± 2.7 years; 51.1% male) were recruited using purposive sampling. Participants underwent assessments for BMI, Q-angle, and H:Q ratio. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine prevalence rates. Result: The study found that 13.3% of players were overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25), placing them at increased risk for knee pain. Q-angle assessments revealed that 100% of male players and 97.8% of female players exhibited abnormal angles, indicating a predisposition to patellofemoral pain. Analysis of H:Q ratios showed that 35.6% of right knees and 46.7% of left knees had an increased H:Q ratio, potentially increasing the risk of knee instability and ACL injuries. Conclusion: This study highlights a significant prevalence of intrinsic risk factors for knee pain among young adult professional badminton players in South Bengaluru. Strategies focusing on weight management, biomechanical correction, and muscle balance are crucial for injury prevention and long-term player health in badminton.

A Study to Assess Upper Extremity and Neck Disability and its Relation with Hand Grip and Pinch Grip among the Carpenters in Selected Places of Bengaluru

Avadhut Sharad Naik — 2024-07-24

Background: Carpentry is a physically demanding occupation that requires significant use of the upper extremities and neck. Prolonged and repetitive activities can lead to musculoskeletal disorders, impairing hand grip and pinch grip strength. These impairments can affect carpenters’ functional capacity and overall quality of life. This study aimed to understand the prevalence of upper extremity and neck disability and its relationship with grip strength, which was essential for developing effective interventions to enhance carpenters’ occupational health and productivity. The primary objective of this study was to assess upper extremity and neck disability among carpenters in selected areas of Bengaluru and to examine its relationship with hand grip strength and pinch grip strength. Secondary objectives was to find relationship between hand grip strength and the duration of exposure to carpentry work, and also to analyze the relationship between two-point pinch, lateral pinch and three-point pinch strength with the duration of exposure to carpentry work.

Aim: To assess upper extremity and neck disability and its relationship with hand grip strength and pinch grip strength.

Methodology: In this study, 100 participants aged between 25 and 60 years were selected from diverse locations in Bengaluru. To evaluate upper extremity disability, participants completed the quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire. Additionally, their neck disability was assessed using the Neck Disability Index questionnaire (NDI). Furthermore, hand grip strength and pinch grip strength were measured using a hand- held dynamometer and a pinch grip gauge, respectively. Statistical analysis was executed using spearman’s rank correlation coefficient to examine the relationships between these variables.

Results: The study showed a significant upper limb disability with mean and standard deviation of 45.78±9.19 and neck disability with a mean of 26.80±5.49 among carpenters. The study also showed a strong negative correlation between upper extremity disability and hand grip strength (r = -0.862), two-point pinch (r = -0.607), lateral pinch (r = -0.891) and three-point pinch (r = -0.882). Further, the study also demonstrated a strong negative correlation between neck disability and hand grip (r = -0.833), two-point pinch (r = -0.6), lateral pinch (r = -0.892) and three-point pinch (r = -0.883) indicating both upper limb disability and neck disability influenced hand grip and pinch Grip. The study also showed that there was negative moderate correlation between the duration of working exposure and hand grip and pinch grip.

Conclusion: The study concluded that there was a significant correlation between upper extremity and neck disability with hand grip strength, two-point pinch, lateral pinch and three-point pinch strength. There was also significant correlation between duration of exposure with hand grip strength, two-point pinch, lateral pinch and three-point pinch strength.

Designing an Adjustable and Compact Ergonomic Chair for Homemakers and Development of a Prototype

Shreya Shanbhag — 2024-07-24

Background: Housewives play a crucial role in improving quality of life but face significant risks of musculoskeletal discomfort due to kitchen work. The physical labor, awkward postures, prolonged muscle contractions, repetitive motions, and prolonged standing increase the risk. Tasks like cutting, stirring, and lifting require frequent posture adjustments. Homemakers are particularly vulnerable to musculoskeletal disorders due to lack of awareness, unsuitable working conditions, and reliance on traditional methods and tools. Aim: To design, develop, and validate an adjustable, compact chair to minimize musculoskeletal risks for homemakers during kitchen chores. Methods: A structured survey of 40 homemakers collected demographic data and kitchen working hours. Their responses were recorded in a Google Form for analysis. Based on their needs, we designed and developed a chair prototype. This chair was tested by selected homemakers for 10 days, followed by feedback collection and statistical analysis. Result: The ergonomic chair received an 89% satisfaction rating. Regarding comfort, 33.3% rated it as excellent, and 66.6% as good. It adapted well to various settings and reduced back strain for 77.8% of participants. Overall, it was highly satisfactory in comfort, adaptability, and reducing physical strain. Conclusion: In conclusion, the chair was found to be comfortable, satisfactory, and feasible for homemakers, making it suitable for future use in real-life situations.

Effects of Retro-Walking Training on Kinesio Phobia and Cognition in Geriatric Population: A Quasi- Experimental Study

Suruchi . — 2024-07-23

Introduction: Aging brings challenges such as Kinesio phobia and cognitive decline, significantly impacting quality of life and fall risk in older adults. Retro-walking, a novel exercise modality, has shown promise in improving balance and motor control. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effects of retro-walking training on kinesiophobia and cognition in geriatric subjects. Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was employed with 60 geriatric participants aged 65-75 years. Participants were divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group underwent retro-walking training thrice weekly for 6 weeks, complemented by home exercises. Kinesio phobia was assessed using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), and cognition was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. Result: Significant improvements were observed in both TSK (pre: 50.6 ± 8.6, post: 27.6 ± 6.9, p < 0.001) and MoCA scores (pre: 25.0 ± 3.1, post: 27.7 ± 1.8, p < 0.001) post- intervention. The experimental group showed a marked reduction in kinesiophobia and enhanced cognitive function compared to the control group. Conclusion: Retro-walking training demonstrated beneficial effects on reducing kinesiophobia and enhancing cognition in geriatric subjects. These findings suggest that retro-walking can be an effective intervention to improve functional outcomes and mitigate fall risks in the elderly population.

A Study on Effectiveness of Conventional Exercises with Plyometric Training vs Conventional Exercises Among Recreational Fast Bowlers for Enhancing Bowling Speed and Strength: A Comparative Study

Kunjal Rajan Samtani — 2024-07-24

Background: Fast bowling is a key aspect of cricket that requires speed, accuracy, and skill. The fast bowlers need to have strong physical attributes such as strength, speed, and endurance, as well as excellent technique and tactical awareness. Plyometrics is a widely used training approach to enhance the ability of muscle to generate power. So this study shows the effectiveness of plyometric exercises in fast bowlers to increase the bowling speed and strength.

Objectives: 1. To assess the effectiveness of Plyometric exercises along with conventional exercises, to achieve bowling speed and muscle strength in fast bowlers. 2. To assess the effectiveness of conventional exercises, to achieve bowling speed and muscle strength in fast bowlers. 3. To compare the differences between plyometric exercises along with conventional exercises v/s only conventional exercises to increase bowling speed and muscle strength in fast bowlers.

Methodology: 38 male recreational fast bowler players were included in this comparative study and randomly divided into two groups: Conventional exercises along with plyometric training (Group A) and Conventional exercises (Group B) with 18 players in each group. All players were evaluated for upper limb strength and bowling speed with speed gun and medicine ball throw test. Data was collected for all variables at baseline and end of 6th week.

Conclusion: It’s concluded that plyometric training along with conventional exercises increases the bowling speed and muscle strength in recreational fast bowlers, hence improves their performance.