Formula Feeding : Substitute Of Breast Feeding - A Review

Jump To References Section

Authors

  • Tanusree Manna
     ,IN

Keywords:

Breastfeeding, Formula Foods, Importance, Safety Rules, Risks

Abstract

Infant formulae are unique because they are the only source of nutrition for m any infants during the first 4 to 6 months of life. They are critical to infant health since they must safely support growth and development during a period w hen the consequences on inadequate nutrition are most severe. Early infancy represents a period of growth and development when a successful outcome depends on the timely emergence of critical structures and developmental processes. The gastrointestinal, renal, and immune systems, as w ell as brain and neurological functions, could be affected by exposure to potentially harmful substances contained in infant formulas. Infant formula is intended as an effective substitute to breast m ilk and is formulated to mimic the nutritional composition of breast milk. The recently updated FDA (Food and Drug Administration) rule on current Good Manufacturing Practices for infant formula, requires, among other things, that formulae satisfy the quality factors of norm al physical growth and a sufficient biological quality of protein component (adequate amounts of protein in a form that can be used by infants). Infant formula is only for the health of infants without unusual medical or dietary problems.

Downloads

Published

2021-06-10

How to Cite

Manna, T. (2021). Formula Feeding : Substitute Of Breast Feeding - A Review. Journal of Indian Dietetics Association, 41(2), 41–55. Retrieved from https://informaticsjournals.com/index.php/jida/article/view/27943

Issue

Volume 41, Issue 2, December 2018

Section

Articles

 

References

Aggett PJ, A gostini C, G oulet O, Hernell O, Koletzko B, Lafeber HL, M ichaelsen KF, Rigo J, W eaver LT. The nutritional and safety assessment of breast milk substitutes and other dietary products for infants: A commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition . J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 32:256 -258.2001.

American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 129 (3):e827-e841. 2012.

Association o f W om en's Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses. AW HONN position statement: Breast feeding. Journal of Obstetric, Gynaecologic and Neonatal Nursing.44:145-150.2015.

Bernaix LW, Schmidt CA, Arrizola M, lovinelli D, Medina-Poelinez C . Success of a lactation education program on NICU nurses' knowledge and attitudes. Journal of Obstetric , Gynecologic and Neonatal Nursing. 37:436-445. 2008.

Creswell JW. Qualitative in quiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Los Angeles, CAr Sage; 2013.

Rao R, Georgieff MK. Early nutrition and brain development. In: Nelson C, editor. , ed. The Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology. The Effects of Adversity on Neurobehavioral Development. Vol. 31. Mahway, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pp.1-30.2000.

Teacher's Guide. Comple entary Feeding Counseling: A Training Course. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.

Gribble K. Mechanisms behind breastmilk 's protection against, and artificial baby milk 's facilitation of, diarrhoeal illness. Breastfeed Rev. 19(2):19”26.2011.

Ip S, Chung M, Raman G, Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; Breastfeeding and Maternal and Infant Health Outcomes in Developed Countries. 2007.

Coutsoudis A, Pillay K, Spooner E, Kuhn L, Coovadia HM. Influence of infant-feeding patterns on early mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Durban, South Africa: A prospective cohort study. Lancet. 354(9177):471-476.1999.

Oddy W H, H olt PG, Sly PD, Read AW, Landau LI, Stanley FJ, Kendall GE, Burton PR. Association between breast feeding and asthma in 6 year old children: Findings of a prospective birth coh rt study. BMJ. 319 (7213):815-819.1999.

Villalpando S, Hamosh M. Early and late effects of breast-feeding: Does breast-feeding really matter? Biol Neonate. 74(2):177-191.1998.

Lucas A, Morley R, Cole TJ, Lister G , Leeson-Payne C. Breast milk and subsequent intelligence quotient in children born preterm. Lancet. 339(8788):261-264. 1992.

Kramer MS, Aboud F, Mironova E, Vanilovich I, Platt RW, Matush L, Igumnov S, Fombonne E, Bogdanovich N, DucruetT, Collet JP, Charlmers B, Hodnett E, Davidovsky S, Skugarevsky O, Trofimovich O, Kozlova L, Shapiro S. PROBIT Study Group. Breastfeeding and child cognitive developm ent: New evidence from a large randomized tria l. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 65(5):578-584. 2008.

World Health Organisation, Infant and young child feeding. France: WHO. 2009. 16. Talayero JMP, Lizan-Garcia M , O tero Puime A.et al. Full breast feeding and hospitalization as a result of infections in the first year of life. Pediatrics . 118 (l):e92-99.2006.

Ivarsson, A. et al. Breast-Feeding May Protect Against Celiac Disease Am J Clin Nutr 75:914-921, 2002

Klement E, Cohen RV, Boxman V, Joseph A, Reifs. Breastfeedin gand risk of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 80:1342-1352,2004

Akobeng A K et al. Effects of breast feeding on risk of coeliac disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Arc/? Dis Child 91:3 9-43, 2006

Monetini L, Cavallo MG, Stefanini L, Ferrazzoli F, Bizzarri C, Marietti G, Curro V, Cervoni M, Pozzilli P, IMDIAB Group. Bovine beta -case in antibodies in breast-and bottle-fed infants: their relevance in Type 1 diabetes. Hormone Metab Res 34:455-459, 2002.

Young TK, M artens PJ, Taback SP, Sellers EA, Dean HJ, Cheang M, Flett B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children: prenatal and early in fancy ris k factors among native Canadians. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 156: 651-655, 2002

Sadauskaite-Kuehne V, Ludvigsson J, Padaiga Z, Jasinskiene E, Samuel U. Longer breastfeeding is an independent protective factor against development of type I diabetes mellitus in childhood. Diabet Metab Res Rev2 0:150-157,2004

M alcove H et al. Absence o f breast-feeding is associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes: acase-control study in a population with rapidly increasing incidence. EurJ Pediatr 165:114-119, 2005.

Duncan B, Ey J, Holberg CJ, Wrigh t AL, Martines F, Taussig LM . Exclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 months protects against otitis media. Pediatrics 91:867-872,1993.

Duffy LC, Faden H, Wasielewski Ft, Wolf J, Krys to fik D. Exclusive breastfeeding protects against bacterial colonization and day care expo sure to otitis media. Pediatrics 100: E 7,1997.