Evaluation of Sediment and Soil Contamination by Acidic Mine Drainage from Waste Rock of the Largest Copper Mine in India
Authors
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Ph.D. Scholar, Mining Engineering Department,National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India ,IN
Anoop Kant Shukla -
Professor, Mining Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh ,INManoj Pradhan
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Ex-Executive Director, Hindustan Copper Limited; Kolkata 700019 ,INOnkar Nath Tiwari
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2023/33710Keywords:
Leaching, Sediment Contamination, Soil Contamination, Enrichment Factor, Contamination Factor, Pollution Load Index, Acid Mine DrainageAbstract
Mining activity causes displacement of rockmass from its original location in lithosphere. This action exposes rockmass to environmental forces such as air, water, micro-organisms and generates a discharge known as acidic mine drainage (AMD). Due to high solubility owing to acidic nature, AMD is rich in heavy metals. Through various drainage channels this metal rich discharge is transported to adjacent water bodies such as streams, rivers, ponds etc. This is a detailed study to include 38 sample sites to assess the heavy metal pollution of soil and stream sediments near the largest copper mining area in central India. Stream sediments and soil samples were systematically collected from the mining area within a span of 10 km from the mine site. The samples were analyzed for copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb). The contamination level of the samples was assessed by Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Pollution Load Index (PLI). Mean value of Enrichment factor (EF) was 15.6 and Contamination factor (CF) was 11.1,which were highest for copper. Contamination of Cu was observed in majority (68%) of sample sites in the study area. The elevation of other heavy metals such as Co and Pb was also observed in more than 50% i.e., 19 samples location. Mapping of PLI reveals polluted sites near mine waste dump and tailing storage facility. This study reveals and evaluates the contamination by acidic mine drainage due to mining activity.
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