A Comprehensive Review on Mining Subsidence and its Geo-environmental Impact

Abstract

Over the course of several decades, subsidence has exerted a notable impact on the mining sector. The preponderance of subsidence occurrences is evident within coal mines. Remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have emerged as principal instruments for the evaluation and characterization of subsidence phenomena. The manifestation of mininginduced subsidence engenders concerns encompassing roof collapse, infrastructural damage, and the formidable challenge of preserving human lives. The repercussions of mining-related subsidence extend to indigenous flora and subterranean water reservoirs. This phenomenon critically impedes the sustainable advancement of mining zones, precipitates the depletion of natural reservoirs, and engenders a host of ecological and environmental predicaments that cast an adverse influence on socio-economic dynamics. Within mining contexts, subsidence manifests as both vertical and horizontal ground displacement, presenting as fissures, depressions, troughs, and sinkholes. The present article furnishes a comparative discourse on diverse methodologies harnessed for the assessment of mining-induced subsidence. The scholarly community has employed a repertoire of eight predominant techniques, as delineated in the conclusive remarks of this study. Over the bygone two decades, considerable strides have been taken, enabling the deployment of sophisticated paradigms, such as remote sensing and GIS, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DiNSAR), for the identification and quantification of land subsidence phenomena.