Microstructure and Wear Behaviour Assessment of Different Micron-Sized B4C Reinforced Al2021 Alloy Composites

Jump To References Section

Authors

  • Department of Mathematics, Al-Safwa University, Baghdad - 56001 ,IQ
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, APS Polytechnic, Bangalore - 560082, Karnataka ,IN
  • Department of Science, APS Polytechnic, Bangalore - 560082, Karnataka ,IN
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, APS Polytechnic, Bangalore - 560082, Karnataka ,IN
  • Department of Buildings and Construction Techniques Engineering, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Babylon - 51001 ,IQ
  • Civil Engineering Department, Dijlah University College, Baghdad - 56001 ,IQ
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, APS College of Engineering, Bangalore - 560082, Karnataka ,IN
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru - 572103, Karnataka ,IN
  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ballari Institute of Technology and Management, Ballari - 583104, Karnataka ,IN

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/44541

Keywords:

Al2021 Alloy, Boron Carbide (B4C), Microstructure, Wear Properties, Worn Morphology

Abstract

This study examines the impact of the size and wt.% of reinforcement particles on the wear characteristics of Al2021 alloy composites. Composites of Al2021 reinforced with B4C particles of varied sizes (45 and 90 microns) were synthesised utilising a unique two-stage stir cast technique. The composites were primed with B4Cc content of 5 and 10 wt.%. The microstructural characterisation of Al2021 alloy with B4C composites of 45 and 90-micron sizes was conducted using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). In addition, wear and worn morphology tests were conducted to examine the impact of particle size on the behaviour of Al2021 alloy. Furthermore, another set of wear studies was conducted with the load maintained at 40N and the sliding speeds changed from 100 to 400 rpm. The microstructural analysis disclosed that the particles in the Al2021 alloy were evenly distributed, and the presence of elements was verified using EDS spectra. Using B4C particles of different sizes enhanced wear characteristics with resistance to wear. The load and the speed affected the wear behaviour of every prepared sample. The morphological analysis of the worn samples recognised multiple wear mechanisms.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Downloads

Published

2024-04-01

How to Cite

Abdulhadi, A. M., Namdev, N., Subhas Chandra, T., Chavan, V. S., Majdi, A., Mohammed, S. J., Raichur, S., Auradi, V., & Manjunatha, T. H. (2024). Microstructure and Wear Behaviour Assessment of Different Micron-Sized B<sub>4</sub>C Reinforced Al2021 Alloy Composites. Journal of Mines, Metals and Fuels, 72(4), 357–368. https://doi.org/10.18311/jmmf/2024/44541

Issue

Section

Articles
Received 2024-06-18
Accepted 2024-07-03
Published 2024-04-01

 

References

Bharath V, Nagaral M, Auradi V. Preparation of 6061Al-Al2O3 metal matrix composite by stir casting and evaluation of mechanical properties. IJMME. 2012; 2(3):22-31.

Nagaral M, Auradi V, Kori SA. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al6061-graphite composites fabricated by stir casting process. Appl Mech Mater. 2015; 766:308-14. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.766-767.308

Jadhav PR, Sridhar BR, Nagaral M, Harti JI. Evaluation of mechanical properties of B4C and graphite particulates reinforced A356 alloy hybrid composites, Mater Today: Proceedings. 2017; 4(9):9972-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.06.304

Boppana SB, Dayanand S, Murthy BV, Nagaral M, Telagu A, Kumar V, Auradi V. Development and mechanical characterisation of Al6061- Al2O3- graphene hybrid metal matrix composites. J Compos Sci. 2021; 5(6):155. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs5060155

Nagaral M, Hiremat VH, Auradi V, Kori SA. Influence of two-stage stir casting process on mechanical characterisation and wear behaviour of AA2014-ZrO2 nano-composites, Trans Indian Inst Met. 2018; 71(5):2845-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-018-1441-6

Veeresh Kuma GBr, Chowdary VG, Vamsi MS, Reddy KJ, Nagaral M, Naresh K. Effects of addition of titanium diboride and graphite particulate reinforcements on physical, mechanical and tribological properties of Al6061 alloy based hybrid metal matrix composites. Adv Mater Process Te. 2022; 8(2):2259-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/2374068X.2021.1904370

Nagaral M, Attar S, Reddappa HN, Auradi V, Kumar S, Raghu S. Mechanical behavior of Al7025-B4C particulate reinforced composites. Journal of applied mechanical engineering. 2015; 4(6):1-4.

Bharath V, Auradi V, Nagaral M, Boppana SB. Experimental Investigations on mechanical and wear behaviour of 2014Al-Al2O3 composites. J Bio- Tribo-Corros. 2020; 6(2):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-020-00341-2

Nagaral M, Auradi V, Parashivamurthy KI, Kori SA, Shivananda BK. Synthesis and characterisation of Al6061-SiC-graphite composites fabricated by liquid metallurgy. Mater Today: Proceedings. 2018; 5(1):2836-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.01.073

Nagaral M, Auradi V, Kori SA, Reddappa HN, Jayachandran J, Shivaprasad V. Studies on 3 and 9 wt.% of B4C particulates reinforced Al7025 alloy composites. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2017; 1859(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4990172

Harti JI, Prasad TB, Nagaral M, Jadhav P, Auradi V. Microstructure and dry sliding wear behaviour of Al2219-TiC composites. Mater Today: Proceedings. 2017; 4(10):11004-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.08.058

Matti S, Shivakumar BP, Shashidhar S, Nagaral M. Dry sliding wear behaviour of mica, fly ash and red mud particles reinforced Al7075 alloy hybrid metal matrix composites. Indian J Sci Technol. 2021; 14(4):310-8. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v14i4.2081

Gopal Krishna UB, Vasudeva B, Auradi V, Nagaral M. Effect of percentage variation on wear behaviour of tungsten carbide and cobalt reinforced Al7075 matrix composites synthesised by melt stirring method. J Bio Tribo Corros. 2021; 7(3):89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-021-00528-1

Attar S. Nagaral M, Reddappa HN, Auradi V. Effect of B4C particulates addition on wear properties of Al7025 alloy composites. Am J Mater Sci. 2015; 5(3C):53-7.

Bharath V, Auradi V, Nagaral M, Boppana SB, Ramesh S, Palanikumar K. Microstructural and wear behaviour of Al2014- alumina composites with varying alumina content. Trans Indian Inst Met. 2021; 75:133-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-021-02405-4

Kumar HSV, Kempaiah UN, Nagaral M, Revanna K. Investigations on the mechanical behaviour of micro B4C particles reinforced Al6061 alloy metal composites. Ind J Sci Technol. 2021; 14(22):1855-1863. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v14i22.736

Nagaral M, Auradi V, Kori SA, Shivaprasad V. Mechanical characterisation and wear behaviour of nano TiO2 particulates reinforced Al7075 alloy composites. Mech Adv Compos Struct. 2020; 7(1):71-8.

Ali Z, Muthuraman V, Rathnakumar P, Gurusamy P, Nagaral M. Studies on mechanical properties of 3 wt% of 40 and 90 µm size B4C particulates reinforced A356 alloy composites. Mater Today: Proceedings. 2022; 52(3):494-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.260

Kumar R, Deshpande RG, Gopinath B, Harti J, Nagaral M, Auradi V, Mechanical fractography and worn surface analysis of nano graphite and ZrO2-reinforced Al7075 alloy aerospace metal composites, J Fail Anal Prev. 2021; 21:525-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-020-01092-5

Umanath K, Palinikumar K, Selvamani ST. Analysis of dry sliding wear behaviour of Al6061-SiC-Al2O3 hybrid metal matrix composites, Composites. 2013; 53(Part B):159-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.04.051

Sardar S, Karmakar, SK, Das D. High-stress abrasive wear characteristics of Al7075 alloy and 7075-Al2O3 composite. Measurement. 2018; 127:42-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.05.090

S Basavarajappa S, Chandramohan G, Mahadevan A, Thangavelu M, Subramanian R, Gopalakrishnan P. Influence of sliding speed on the dry sliding wear behaviour and the subsurface deformation on hybrid metal matrix composite. Wear. 2007; 262(7-8):1007-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2006.10.016

Bharath V, Ajawan SS, Nagaral M, Auradi V, Kori SA. Characterisation and mechanical properties of 2014 aluminium alloy reinforced with Al2O3p composite produced by two-stage stir casting route. J Inst Eng (India): Series C. 2019; 100:277- 82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-018-0442-x

Prasad GP, Chittappa HC, Nagaral M, Auradi V. Influence of B4C reinforcement particles with varying sizes on the tensile failure and fractography of LM29 alloy composites. J Fail Anal Prev. 2020; 20(6):2078-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-020-01021-6

Ali Z, Muthuraman V, Rathnakumar P, Gurusamy P, Nagaral M. Investigation on the tribological properties of copper alloy reinforced with Gr/ZrO2 particulates by stir casting route. Mater Today: Proceedings. 2020; 33:3449-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.351

Nagaral M, Auradi V, Parashivamurthy KI, Kori SA. Wear behavior of Al2O3 and graphite particulates reinforced Al6061 alloy hybrid composites. Am J Mater Sci. 2015; 5 (3C):25-9.

Bharath V, Ashita DH, Auradi V, Nagaral M. Influence of variable particle size reinforcement on mechanical and wear properties of alumina reinforced 2014Al alloy particulate composite. FME Transactions. 2020; 48(4):968-78. https://doi.org/10.5937/fme2004968B

Venkataraman V, Nagaral M. Mechanical characterisation and wear behaviour of aerospace alloy AA2124 and micro B4C reinforced metal composites. J Met Mater Miner. 2020; 30(4):97-105. https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v30i4.641

Dayanand S, Boppana SB, Auradi V, Nagaral M, Ravi MU, Bharath. Evaluation of wear properties of heat-treated Al-AlB2 in-situ metal matrix composites. J Bio Tribo Corros. 2021; 7(40):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-021-00476-w

Nagaraj N, Mahendra KV, Nagaral M. Microstructure and evaluation of mechanical properties of Al-7Si-fly ash composites. Mater Today: Proceedings. 2018; 5(1):3109-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.01.116

Ravindranathan VM, Shivashankar GS, Basavarajappa S, Siddesh Kumar NG. Dry sliding wear behaviour of hybrid aluminium metal matrix composite reinforced with boron carbide and graphite particles. Mater Today Proceeding. 2017; 4(10):11163-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.08.082

Nagaral M, Shivananda BK, Auradi V, Kori SA. Development and mechanical-wear characterisation of Al2024-nano B 4C composites for aerospace applications. Strength Frac Comp. 2020; 13 (1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3233/SFC-190248

Murthy BV, Auradi V, Nagaral M, Vatnalmath M, Namdev N, Chandrashekar A, Patil S, Razak A, Alsabhan AH, Alam S, Qamar MO. Al2014-alumina aerospace composites: particle size impacts on microstructure, mechanical, fractography and wear characteristics. ACS Omega. 2023; 8(14):13444-455. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c01163 PMid:37065059 PMCid: PMC10099409.

Algur V, Hulipalled P, Lokesha V, Nagaral M, Auradi V. Machine learning algorithms to predict wear behaviour of modified ZA-27 alloy under varying operating parameters, J Bio Tribo Corros. 2022; 8:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-021-00610-8

Nagaral M, Auradi V, Parashivamurthy KI, Shivananda BK, Kori SA. Dry sliding wear behaviour of aluminium 6061-SiC-graphite particulates reinforced hybrid composites. IOP Conference Series: Mater Sci Eng. 2018; 310:012156. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/310/1/012156

Bharath V, Auradi V, Nagarl M, Bopanna SB. Influence of alumina percentage on microstructure, mechanical and wear behaviour of 2014 aluminium alumina metal matrix composites. J Tribo. 2020;25(1):29-44.

Jadhav PR, Nagaral M, Rachoti S, Harti JI. Impact of boron carbide and graphite dual particulates addition on wear behaviour of A356 alloy metal matrix composites. J Met Mater Miner. 2020; 30(4):106-12. https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v30i4.642

Shetty RP, Raju TH, Nagaral M, Kumar N, Auradi V, Effect of B4C particles addition on the mechanical, tensile fracture and wear behaviour of Al7075 alloy composites. J Bio-Tribo-Corros. 2024; 10:2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-024-00841-5

Rajj BE, Nagaral M, Chintakindi S, Kumar SR, Anqi AE, Rajhi AA, Duhduh AA, Sridevi G, Prakash C, Kumar R, Chan CK, Nano-sized Al2O3-Gr reinforced Al7075 hybrid composite: Impact of cooling agents on mechanical, wear and fracture behaviour. ACS Omega. 2024; 9(16):17878-90. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c08822 PMid: 38680352 PMCid: PMC11044164.

Kambaiah R, Suresh R, Nagaral M, Auradi V, Anjinappa C, Garse K, Pandhare AP, Wodajo AW, Mechanical‐wear behaviour and microstructure analysis of Al2214 alloy with B4C and graphite particles hybrid composites. Eng Rep. 2024; e12876. https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.12876