An Analytical Framework for the Determinants of Infant Mortality based on 2005 – 06 NFHS Data in India

Jump To References Section

Authors

  • Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Banasthali University, Vanasthali – 304022 Rajasthan ,IN
  • Department of Statistics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221005, Uttar Pradesh ,IN

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18311/jeoh/2019/23122

Keywords:

Determinants of Infant Mortality, Infant Mortality, Maternal Health Programmes, National Family Health Survey
Statistics

Abstract

Infant mortality is an important indicator of nation's socio-economic welfare. There are many socio-economic, demographic and environmental determinants of infant mortality. As infant has an innate relationship with the mother, therefore the maternal health programmes have also very important repercussion on infant health. The above two dimensions of infant mortality have seldom been examined together in infants-based studies. Thus, the survival analysis for infants regarding its several determinants along with maternal health programmes and their impact is seen in the study. The paper applies Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard model using National Family Health Survey data 2005-06, in India, to demonstrate the risk of infant death with the above said factors. Poor households are more likely to experience infant deaths than rich and middle households. Maternal health programmes have a significant effect on infant mortality, but the inclusion of breastfeeding, mother education and wealth index make these results insignificant. This study indicates that there is a need to increase birth spacing, improve mother's education level, encourage breastfeeding and discourage teenage pregnancy in order to achieve the desired outcome of reducing infant mortality. Many interesting facets of the successful implementation of government and non-government policies on the improvement of infant survival are also discussed.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Downloads

Published

2019-09-06

How to Cite

Sirohi, A., & Rai, P. K. (2019). An Analytical Framework for the Determinants of Infant Mortality based on 2005 – 06 NFHS Data in India. Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health, 19(1-2), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.18311/jeoh/2019/23122

Issue

Section

Articles
Received 2019-01-10
Accepted 2019-06-11
Published 2019-09-06

 

References

Butz WP, Habicht JP and Davanzo J. Environmental factors in the relationship between breastfeeding and infant mortality: The role of sanitation and water in Malaysia. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1984; 119(4):516-25. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113769.

Caldwell JC. Education as a factor in mortality decline: An examination of Nigerian data. Population Studies. 1979; 33(3):395-413. https://doi.org/10.2307/2173888.

Casterline JB, Cooksey EC and Ismail AF. Household income and child survival in Egypt. Demography. 1989; 26:15-35. https://doi.org/10.2307/2061491 PMid:2737355.

Chandra RK. Immunological aspects of human milk. Nutrition Reviews. 1978; 36(9):265-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1753-4887.1978.tb07393.x PMid:362248.

Chowdhury AH. Determinants of under five mortality in Bangladesh. Open Journal of Statistics. 2013; 3:213-9. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2013.33024.

Govindasamy P, Stewart MK, Rutstein SO, Boerma JT and Sommerfelt AE. High risk births and maternal care. Demographic and Health Surveys Comparative Studies, No. 8, Macro International Inc. Columbia, Maryland, USA. 1993.

Hirve S and Ganatra B. A prospective cohort study on the survival experience of under five children in rural western India. Indian Pediatrics. 1997; 34:995-1001. PMid:9567529.

Hobcraft J. Womens education, child welfare and child survival: A review of the evidence. Health Transition Review. 1993; 3(2):159-73. PMid:10146571.

Hollowell J, Oakley L, Kurinczuk J, Brocklehurst P and Gray R. The effectiveness of antenatal care programmes to reduce infant mortality and preterm birth in socially disadvantaged and vulnerable women in high-income countries: a systematic review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1186/14712393-11-13 PMid:21314944 PMCid:PMC3050773.

Janowitz B, Lewis JH, Parnell A, Hefnawi F, Younis MN and Serour GA. Breastfeeding and child survival in Egypt. Journal of Biosocial Science. 1981; 13(3):287-98. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S0021932000013493 PMid:7276033.

Jelliffe DB and Jelliffe EFP. Human Milk in the Modern World. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1978; p. 84-96.https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.6151.1573.

Manda S. Birth intervals, breastfeeding and determinants of childhood mortality in Malawi. Social Science and Medicine. 1999; 48(3):301-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(98)00359-1.

Mata LJ and Wyatt RG. Host resistance to infection. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1971; 24(8):976-86. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/24.8.976 PMid:4327608.

McCann MF, Liskin LS, Piotrow PT, Rinehart W and Fox G. Breastfeeding, fertility and family planning. Population Reports. 1981; 24(Series-J):526-75.

Mosley W and Chen L. An analytical framework for the study of child survival in developing countries. Population & Development Review. 1984; 10:25-45. https://doi.org/10.2307/2807954.

Mturi AJ and Curtis SL. The determinants of infant and child mortality in Tanzania. Health Policy Plan. 1995; 10:384-94. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/10.4.384 PMid:10154361.

Muluye S and Wencheko E. Determinants of infant mortality in Ethiopia: A study based on the 2005 EDHS data. Ethiopian Journal of Health Devision. 2012; 26(2):72-7.

National Family Health Survey: (NFHS) Reports for India and states (2005-06).

Palloni A and Millman S. Effects of Inter Birth Intervals and Breastfeeding on infant and early Childhood Mortality. Population Studies. 1986; 40:215-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/00324720310001 42036.

Palloni A and Tienda M. The effects of breastfeeding and pace of childbearing on mortality at early ages. Demography. 1986; 23:31-52. https://doi.org/10.2307/2061406 PMid:3956805.

Pandey A, Bhattacharya BN, Sahu D and Sultana R. Are too Early, Too Quickly and Too many Births the High Risk? An analysis of Infant mortality in India using National Family Health Survey. Demography India. 2004; 33(2):127-57.

Schellenberg JA, Nethan R, Abdulla S, Mukasa O, Marchant TJ, Tanner M and Langeler C. Risk factors for child mortality in rural Tanzania. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2002; 7(6):506-11. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00888.x.

Schultz T. Studying the impact of household economic & community variables on child mortality. Population & Development Review. 1984; 10:215-35. https://doi.org/10.2307/2807962.

Singh A, Pallikadavath S, Ogollah R and Stones W. Maternal Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination and Neonatal Mortality in Rural North India. Plos One. 2012; 7(11):1-7. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0048891.

Singh A, Pallikadavath S, Ram F and Alagarajan M. Do antenatal care interventions improve neonatal survival in India? Health Policy Plan. 2013; 29(7):842-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czt066 PMid:24038077 PMCid:PMC4471439.

Singh KK, Pandey N and Gautam A. Effect of Breastfeeding and Maternal Health Care programme on infant mortality. Demography India. 2007; 36(2):253-66.

Stoorbant MG. The Determinants of infant mortality: How far are conceptual frameworks really modeled? Institute Demographic Universities Catholique de Louvain. 2001.

UNICEF and WHO. Background paper for the Meeting on Infant and Young Child Feeding. Geneva, 9-12 October. 1979.

UNICEF. State of world's children, 2007. New York: UNICEF; 2006.

Wang L. Environmental determinants of child mortality: Empirical results from the 2000 EDHS. The World Bank, Washington D. C. 2003.