Journal of Biological Control

Efficacy of Substrate Based Bioformulation of Microbial Antagonists in the Management of Bacterial Disease of some Solanaceous Vegetables in Assam


Affiliations

  • Assam Agricultural University, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Assam, India
  • Assam Agricultural University, Department of Plant Pathology, Jorhat, 13, India

Abstract

A study was undertaken to explore effective organic substrate-based bioformulation using virulent cells of antagonists Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride during 2010-13. Three organic substrates, viz. vermicompost, farm yard manure and mustard oil cake (MOC) were compared for mass multiplication of the antagonists. All the substrate based antagonists showed effective results in suppression of bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum Yabuchi et al.) incidence in vegetable crops tomato, brinjal and chill. Quantitative aspect of population dynamics of the antagonists at different days of storage was made to evaluate the shelflife of the biopesticide and found that the antagonists maintained a steady population count upto 180 days of storage at room temperature. The combination of vermicompost P. fluorescens, carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) and mannitol showed best shelf-life as it maintained highest population recovery of P. fluorescens and B. subtillis at different days of storage. The combination of MOC, T. viride, CMC and mannitol showed best shelf-life in case of T. viride and maintained highest population recovery of the antagonist at different days of storage. Application of the substrate based bioformulations as combination of seed treatment, root application, soil application at transplanting and soil application at 30 days after transplanting showed minimum wilt incidence and maximum yield in tomato, brinjal and chilli. Maximum disease reduction (81.85%) was shown by bioformulation comprising P. fluorescens with vermicompost as substrate followed by T. viride with MOC as substrate (79.07%). Following the trend of reduction in disease incidence, yield was maximum in tomato (36.0 t/ ha), when the crop was treated with vermicompost based P. fluorescens followed by treatment with MOC based T. viride (33.35 t/ha). Yield of brinjal (27.60 t/ha) and chilli (26.30 t/ha) was similarly maximum when bioformulation of vermicompost based P. fluorescens was applied.

Keywords

Antagonists, Bioformulation, Chilli, Tomato, Wilt.

Subject Discipline

Botany

Full Text:

References

Alexander M. 1997. Introduction to soil microbiology. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 212 pp.

Anuratha CS, Gnanamanickam SS. 1990. Biological control of bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum in India with antagonistic bacteria. Plant Soil 124: 109–116.

Aspiras RB, Dela Cruz AR. 1985. Potential biological control of bacterial wilt in tomato and potato with Bacillus polymyxa Fu 6 and Pseudomonas fluorescens. pp. 89–92. In: Persely GD. (Ed.). Bacterial wilt disease in Asia and the South Pacific. ACIAR Proceedings, No. 13.

Bora LC. 2008. Use of Pseudomonas fluorescens as bioformulation for management of wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Tropic Agric. 85(2): 57–61.

Bora LC, Popy B. 2008. Biological control strategies for management of bacterial wilt of brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). J Mycol Pl Pathol. 38(3): 542–545.

Bora LC, Deka SN. 2007. Wilt disease suppression and yield enhancement in tomato by application of Pseudomonas fluorescens - based bioformulation ‘Biofor-Pf’ in Assam. Indian J Agric Sci. 77(8): 490– 494.

Bora LC, Das M, Das BC. 2000. Influence of microbial antagonists and soil amendments on bacterial wilt severity and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Indian J Agric Sci. 70(6): 390–392.

Bull CT. 1987. Wheat root colonization by disease suppressive bacteria and the effect of population size on severity of take-all caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. M.S. thesis Fleming West State Univ. Pullman. 75–81 pp.

Burr TJ, Schroth MN, Suslow T. 1978. Increased potato yields by treatment of potato seed pieces with specific strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. putida. Phytopathol. 68: 1377–1388.

Chellemi DO, Olson SM, Scott JW. 1994. Field evaluation of tomato genotypes for resistance to bacterial wilt. Proc Flo State Hort Soc. 107: 151–153.

Danielson RM, Davey CB. 1973. Non-nutritional factors affecting the growth of Trichoderma in culture. Soil Biol Biochem. 5: 495–504.

Hadar Y, Chet I, Henis Y. 1979. Biological control of Rhizoctonia solani damping-off with wheat bran culture of Trichoderma harzianum. Phytopathol. 69: 64–66.

Hoitink HAJ, Fahy PC. 1986. Basis for the control of soil borne plant pathogens with compost. Ann Rev Phytopathol. 24: 93–144.

Kloepper JW, Schroth MN. 1981. Relationship of in vitro antibiosis of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria to plant growth and the displacement of root microflora. Phytopathol. 71: 1020–1024.

Kohli RR, Srivastava AK, Shivankar VJ. 1988. Organic culture in citrus cultivation. Indian Horti. 43(1): 12–14.

Nautyal CS. 2000. Biocontrol of plant diseases for agricultural sustainability pp. 9–23. In: Upadhyay RK, Mukerji KG, Chamola BP. (Eds.). Biocontrol potential and its exploitation in sustainable agriculture. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.

Papavizas GC. 1985. Trichoderma and Gliocladium: Biology, ecology and potential for biocontrol. Ann Rev Phytopathol. 23: 23–54.

Parakhia AM, Vaishnav MU. 1986. Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia bataticola. Indian Phytopathol. 39: 439.

Sharif ABM, Hakim MA, Onyuso M. 2003. Effect of manure and fertilizers on the growth and yield of potato. Pak J Biol Sci. 6(14): 1243–1246.

Sigee DC. 1993. Bacterial plant pathology: Cell and molecular aspects. Cambridge University Press, London. 337 pp.

Suslow TV, Schroth MN. 1982. Rhizobacteria of sugarbeets: effects of seed application and root colonization on yield. Phytopathol. 72: 199–206.

Ushasree NN, Chandrasekaran S, Govindasamy R. 1989. Humic acid and its influence on crop plants, pp. 63. In: National seminar on humic acid in agriculture. Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu (Abstr.).

Vidya R. 1995. Studies on biological control of mung bean root rot [Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi)] Goid by Trichoderma viride Pers. M.Sc. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agric. Univ., Coimbatore, India 66 pp.

Vidhyasekaran P, Muthamilan M. 1995. Development of formulations of Pseudomonas fluorescens for control of chickpea wilt. Plant Dis. 79: 782–786.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.