A Review on Rasam: A Traditional Southern Indian Soup with Numerous Health Benefits

Jump To References Section

Authors

  • Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Limda, Vadodara, Gujarat ,IN
  • Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Limda, Vadodara, Gujarat ,IN
  • Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Limda, Vadodara, Gujarat ,IN
  • Department of Pharmacognosy, Parul Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Parul University, Limda, Vadodara, Gujarat ,IN

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2022/31133

Keywords:

Asafoetida, Black Pepper, Cumin, Curry Leaves, Tamarind, Turmeric

Abstract

Rasam is a popular traditional food in the southern part of India. It is consumed on a regular basis, generally with rice. It has a variety of constituents in it, like tomato, pepper, garlic, Indian sesame oil, cumin, mustard, coriander, chili pepper, asafoetida, turmeric and curry leaves, which provide different medicinal and health benefits to the human body. This review is an effort to compile all research work on rasam and to highlight its health benefits.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Downloads

Published

2022-12-16

How to Cite

Mishra, S., Deore, D., Kumar, K., & Raja, M. K. M. M. (2022). A Review on <i>Rasam</i>: A Traditional Southern Indian Soup with Numerous Health Benefits. Journal of Natural Remedies, 22(4), 483–492. https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2022/31133

Issue

Section

Review Articles
Received 2022-08-30
Accepted 2022-10-19
Published 2022-12-16

 

References

Lampe JW. Spicing up a vegetarian diet: Chemo preventive effects of phytochemicals. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003; 78(3 Suppl):579S-83S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.3.579S DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/78.3.579S

Opara EI, Chohan M. Culinary herbs and spices: Their bioactive properties, the contribution of polyphenols and the challenges in deducing their true health benefits. Int J Mol Sci. 2014; 15:19183-202. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151019183 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151019183

Sainani GS, Desai DB, Gorhe NH, Natu SM, Pise DV, Sainani PG. “Dietary garlic, onion and some coagulation parameters in Jain community”. J Assoc Physicians India. 1979; 27:707-12.

Wagner H. Multitarget therapy -The future of treatment for more than just functional dyspepsia. Phytomedicine. 2006; 13(Suppl 5):122-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed. 2006.03.021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2006.03.021

Patwardhan B, Khambholja K. Drug discovery and Ayurveda: Win win relationship between contemporary and ancient sciences. In: Kapetanovic I, editor. Drug Discovery and Development - Present and Future. Croatia: In Tech. 2011; p.9. https://doi.org/10.5772/29319 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/29319

Grajek W, Olejnik A, Sip A. Probiotics, prebiotics and antioxidants as functional foods. Acta Biochim Pol. 2005; 52:665-71. https://doi.org/10.18388/abp.2005_3428 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18388/abp.2005_3428

Raja MKM, Devarajan A. Standardization and Chemical Analysis of Rasam: A South Indian Traditional Functional Food. Pharmacogn J. 2017; 9(5):587-593. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2017.5.93 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2017.5.93

Choudhary R, Tandon RV. Consumption of functional food and our health concerns. Pak J Physiol. 2009; 5:76-83.

Vijayalakshmi B, Swamy BV, Shantha TR. Ayurvedic rationale of the southern Indian vegetable soup saaru or rasam. Anc Sci Life. 1998; 17:207-13.

Upadhyaya Y. Astangahradaya. Varanasi: The Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan. 1975.

Srinivasan K. Spices as influences of body metabolism: an overview of three decades of research. Food Res Int. 2005; 38:77-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2004.09.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2004.09.001

Berzok LM. Storied Dishes: What Our Family Recipes Tell Us about who We are and Where We’ve Been. California: Greenwood Press. 2011.

Kapoor S. Sanjeev Kapoor’s Khana Khazana: Celebration of Indian Cookery. Mumbai: Popular Prakashan Pvt. Ltd. 2004.

Singh A, Walia I, Dhaliwal L. Demedicalizing Women’s Health. New Delhi: Gyan Publishing House. 2010; Vol. 2.

Parthasarathy VA, Chempakam B, Zachariah TJ, editors. Chemistry of Spices. Oxfordshire: CAB International. 2008; 1st ed. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845934057.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845934057.0000

Sanmugam D, Kasinathan S. Indian Heritage Cooking. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pvt. Ltd. 2011.

Devarajan A, Mohanmarugaraja MK. A Comprehensive Review on Rasam: A South Indian Traditional Functional Food. Pharmacogn Rev. 2017; 11(22):73-82. https://doi. org/10.4103/phrev.phrev_13_17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/phrev.phrev_13_17

Mani UV, Mani IU, Iyer UM, Prakash B, Manivannan T, Campbell S, et al. Glycemic and lipemic response to various regional meals and South Indian snacks. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 1997; 17:75-81.

Banerjee S. Cooking for diabetics, diet plays a very important role in any disease, more so in diabetes. New Delhi: Pustak Mahal Publishers. 2004.

Parthasarathy VA, Chempakam B, Zachariah TJ, editors. Chemistry of spices. Oxfordshire; CAB International. 2008; 1st ed. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845934057.0001

Itokawa H, Shi Q, Akiyama T, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Recent advances in the investigation of curcuminoids. Chin Med. 2008; 3:11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-8546-3-11

Banerjee SK, Dinda AK, Manchanda SC, Maulik SK. Chronic garlic administration protects rat heart against oxidative stress induced by ischemic reperfusion injury. BMC Pharmacol. 2002; 2:16.https://doi.org/10.1186/1471- 2210-2-16

Butt MS, Pasha I, Sultan MT, Randhawa MA, Saeed F, Ahmed W. Black pepper and health claims: a comprehensive treatise. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2013; 53(9):875-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2011.571799

Jain V, Momin M, Laddha K. Murraya koenigii: an updated review. Int J Ayur Herbal Med. 2012; 2(4):607:7.

Mahendra P, Bisht S. Ferula asafoetida: traditional uses and pharmacological activity. Pharmacog Rev. 2012; 6(12):141- 6. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.99948

Raja MKM and Devarajan, A. Anti-Microbial studies on Rasam: A South Indian Traditional Functional Food. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2017; 6(05):766-774. https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpr20175-8330 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpr20175-8330

Raja MKM and Devarajan A. Platelet Aggregation Study on Rasam: A South Indian Traditional Functional Food. Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 1017; 7(4):8134-8139.

Swapna B. An ethnobotanical survey of plants used by Yanadi tribe of Kavali, Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India. J Sci Innov Res. 2015; 4:22-6. https://doi. org/10.31254/jsir.2015.4106 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2015.4106

Dudhatra GB, Mody SK, Awale MM, Patel HB, Modi CM, Kumar A, et al. A comprehensive review on pharmacotherapeutics of herbal bioenhancers. Scientific World Journal. 2012; 2012:637953. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/637953 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/637953

Suri MP, Patel CK, Dhingra VJ, Raibagkar SC, Mehta DR. Nutrition in burns: A practical solution to a difficult problem. Indian J Plast Surg. 2006; 39:62-4. https://doi. org/10.4103/0970-0358.26906 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700463

Narayanasamy, P. COVID-19: Mitigation is good! Prophylactics are better! Treatment is the best! 2020.https:// doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/f6dk4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/f6dk4

Mohan Maruga Raja MK, Jubie Selvaraj, Pottabathula SS, Anjana GV, Kathiravan MK. In silico Screening of Chemical Constituents in Rasam as a Beneficial Supplementary Treatment for Novel Coronavirus. Journal of Natural Remedies. 2021; 21(4):357-365. https://doi.org/10.18311/ jnr/2021/28191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2021/28191

Glew RS, Vanderjagt DJ, Chuang LT, Huang YS, Millson M, Glew RH. Nutrient content of four edible wild plants from West Africa. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2005; 60:187-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-005-8616-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-005-8616-0

Devarajan A, Mohan Maruga Raja MK. Cytotoxic, Antimitotic, and Antiproliferation Studies on Rasam: A South Indian Traditional Functional Food. Pharmacogn Mag. 2017; 13(Suppl 3):S452-S457.https://doi.org/10.4103/ pm.pm_138_17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_138_17

Mohanmarugaraja MK, Devarajan A, Kathiravan MK. Rasam (South Indian Spice Soup) - Attenuates the Mammary Tumor Induction Magnitude of 7, 12-Dimethylbenz[a] anthracene in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Phcog Mag. 2020; 16(Suppl S2):467-73. https://doi. org/10.4103/pm.pm_150_20 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/pm.pm_150_20

Imam S, Azhar I, Hasan MM, Ali MS, Ahmed SW. Two triterpenes lupanone and lupeol isolated and identified from Tamarindus indica linn. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2007; 20:125-7.

37. Wong KL, Tan CP, Chow CH, Chee SG. Volatile constituents of the fruit of Tamarindus indica L. Essent Oil Res. 1998; 10:219-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1998.9700886 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1998.9700886

Shankaracharya NB. Tamarind - Chemistry, technology and uses - A critical appraisal. J Food Sci Technol. 1998; 35:193-208.

El Siddig K, Gunasena HP, Prasad BA, Pushpakumara DK, Raman KV, Vijayanand P, et al. Tamarind: Tamarindus indica L. Southampton, UK: International Centre for Underutilised Crops. 2006.

Prasad S, Aggarwal BB, Benzie IF, Wachtel Galor S. Turmeric, the golden spice: From traditional medicine to modern medicine. In: Benzie IF, Wachtel Galor S, editors. Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. 2011; 263-88. https://doi.org/10.1201/b10787-14 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/b10787-14

Tayyem RF, Heath DD, Al Delaimy WK, Rock CL. Curcumin content of turmeric and curry powders. Nutr Cancer. 2006; 55:126-31. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327914nc5502_2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327914nc5502_2

Itokawa H, Shi Q, Akiyama T, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Recent advances in the investigation of curcuminoids. Chin Med. 2008; 3:11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-8546-3-11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1749-8546-3-11

Stargrove MB, Treasure J, McKee DL. Herb, Nutrient, and Drug Interactions: Clinical Implications and Therapeutic Strategies. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier. 2008; 1st ed.

Farrell KT. Spices, Condiments and Seasonings. Maryland: The Aspen Publishers Inc. 1999; 2nd ed.

Lee HS. Cuminaldehyde: Aldose reductase and α glucosidase inhibitor derived from Cuminum cyminum L. seeds. J Agric Food Chem. 2005; 53:2446-50. https://doi. org/10.1021/jf048451g DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048451g

Singh RP, Gangadharappa HV, Mruthunjaya K. Cuminum cyminum - A popular spice: An updated review. Pharmacogn J. 2017; 9:292-301. https://doi.org/10.5530/ pj.2017.3.51 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2017.3.51

Borlinghaus J, Albrecht F, Gruhlke MC, Nwachukwu ID, Slusarenko AJ. Allicin: Chemistry and biological properties. Molecules. 2014; 19:12591-618. https://doi.org/10.3390/ molecules190812591 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190812591

Rahman K. Effects of garlic on platelet biochemistry and physiology. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2007; 51:1335-44. https:// doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200700058

El-Saber Batiha G, Magdy Beshbishy A, G Wasef L, Elewa YHA, A Al-Sagan A, Abd El-Hack ME, Taha AE, M Abd- Elhakim Y, Prasad Devkota H. Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Garlic (Allium sativum L.): A Review. Nutrients. 2020; 12(3):872.https://doi.org/10.3390/ nu12030872 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12030872

Nahas R, Balla A. Complementary and alternative medicine for prevention and treatment of the common cold. Can Fam Physician. 2011; 57:31 6.

Banerjee SK, Dinda AK, Manchanda SC, Maulik SK. Chronic garlic administration protects rat heart against oxidative stress induced by ischemic reperfusion injury. BMC Pharmacol. 2002; 2:16.https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2210- 2-16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2210-2-16

Hassan HT. Ajoene (natural garlic compound): A new anti leukaemia agent for AML therapy. Leuk Res. 2004; 28:667- 71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leukres.2003.10.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leukres.2003.10.008

Tilli CM, Stavast Kooy AJ, Vuerstaek JD, Thissen MR, Krekels GA, Ramaekers FC, et al. The garlic derived organosulfur component ajoene decreases basal cell carcinoma tumor size by inducing apoptosis. Arch Dermatol Res. 2003; 295:117-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-003-0404-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-003-0404-9

Terrasson J, Xu B, Li M, Allart S, Davignon JL, Zhang LH, et al. Activities of Z ajoene against tumour and viral spreading in vitro. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2007; 21:281-9. https:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-8206.2007.00470.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-8206.2007.00470.x

Vallette L, Rabadeaux C, Sirdaarta J, Davis C, Cock IE. An upscaled extraction protocol for Tasmannia lanceolata (Poir.) A.C. Sm.: Anti bacterial, anti giardial and anticancer activity. Pharmacogn Commun. 2016; 6:238-54. https://doi. org/10.5530/pc.2016.4.7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5530/pc.2016.4.7

Butt MS, Pasha I, Sultan MT, Randhawa MA, Saeed F, Ahmed W. Black pepper and health claims: A comprehensive treatise. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2013; 53:875-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2011.571799 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2011.571799

Vijayakumar RS, Surya D, Nalini N. Antioxidant efficacy of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and piperine in rats with high fat diet induced oxidative stress. Redox Rep. 2004; 9:105-10. https://doi.org/10.1179/135100004225004742 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/135100004225004742

Westerterp Plantenga M, Diepvens K, Joosen AM, Berube Parent S, Tremblay A. Metabolic effects of spices, teas, and caffeine. Physiol Behav. 2006; 89:85-91. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.01.027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.01.027

Khajuria A, Thusu N, Zutshi U. Piperine modulates permeability characteristics of intestine by inducing alterations in membrane dynamics: Influence on brush border membrane fluidity, ultrastructure and enzyme kinetics. Phytomedicine. 2002; 9:224-31. https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00114 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1078/0944-7113-00114

Srinivasan K. Black pepper and its pungent principle piperine: A review of diverse physiological effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2007; 47:735-48. https://doi. org/10.1080/10408390601062054 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408390601062054

Dawid C, Henze A, Frank O, Glabasnia A, Rupp M, Buning K, et al. Structural and sensory characterization of key pungent and tingling compounds from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). J Agric Food Chem. 2012; 60:2884-95. https:// doi.org/10.1021/jf300036a DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jf300036a

Lahorkar P, Ramitha K, Bansal V, Anantha Narayana DB. A comparative evaluation of medicated oils prepared using ayurvedic and modified processes. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2009; 71:656-62. https://doi.org/10.4103/0250- 474X.59548 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.59548

Ndb.nal.usda.gov. Beltsville, Maryland: USDA Food Composition Databases, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Available from: https:// www.ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/ foods/show/662?format=Abridged&reportfmt=pdf& pdfQvs=%7BQv%3D1%7D&ds=. 2021.

Khan BA, Abraham A, Leelamma S. Hypoglycemic action of Murraya koenigii (curry leaf) and Brassica juncea (mustard): Mechanism of action. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 1995; 32:106-8.

Srinivasan K. Plant foods in the management of diabetes mellitus: Spices as beneficial antidiabetic food adjuncts. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2005; 56:399-414. https://doi. org/10.1080/09637480500512872 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09637480500512872

Ramaswamy L, Kanmani MG. Phytonutrient profile, health benefits and culinary applications of selected edible foliages. Int J Ayurvedic Herb Med. 2012; 2:469-76.

Jain V, Momin M, Laddha K. Murraya koenigii: An updated review. Int J Ayurvedic Herb Med. 2012; 2:607-27.

Sujatha R, Srinivas L. Modulation of lipid peroxidation by dietary components. Toxicol In Vitro. 1995; 9:231 6. https:// doi.org/10.1016/0887-2333(95)00005-S DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-2333(95)00005-S

Shah AS, Juvekar AR. Immunostimulatory activity of aqueous extract of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng. leaves. Indian J Nat Prod Resour. 2010; 1:450-5.

National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. The Wealth of India, a Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products, First Supplement Series (Raw Materials). Vol2 (Cl-Cy). New Delhi (India): NISCOM, CSIR. 2001; 203-6.

Mahendra P, Bisht S. Coriandrum sativum: A daily use spice with great medicinal effect. Pharmacogn J. 2011; 3:84- 8. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2011.21.16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2011.21.16

Suneetha WJ, Krishnakantha TP. Antiplatelet activity of coriander and curry leaf spices. Pharm Biol. 2003; 43:230-3. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200590928807 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200590928807

Morningstar A, Desai U. The Ayurvedic Cookbook: A Personalized Guide to Good Nutrition and Health. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publications. 2003.

Srinivasan K. Role of spices beyond food flavoring: Nutraceuticals with multiple health effects. Food Rev Int. 2005; 21:167-88. https://doi.org/10.1081/FRI-200051872 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1081/FRI-200051872

Aggarwal H, Kotwal N. Foods used as ethno medicine in Jammu. Ethno Med. 2009; 3:65-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/0 9735070.2009.11886340 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09735070.2009.11886340

Mahendra P, Bisht S. Ferula asafoetida: Traditional uses and pharmacological activity. Pharmacogn Rev. 2012; 6:141-6. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.99948 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.99948

Devarajan A, Mohan Maruga Raja MK. Marker based analytical studies on rasam. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2017; 6(8):2054-2065. https://doi.org/10.20959/ wjpr20178-9181 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpr20178-9181

Sharma A, Mohan Maruga Raja MK. A HPTLC method for the quantitative determination of Piperine and Capsaicin in Rasam, A South Indian spice soup. International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine. 2022; 13(2):483-486. https://doi. org/10.47552/ijam.v13i2.2548 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v13i2.2548

Panseriy N, Mohan Maruga Raja MK. Simultaneous quantification of Curcumin, Piperine and Capsaicin by HPTLC in Rasam, a polyherbal soup. International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine. 2022; 13(3):647-650. https://doi. org/10.47552/ijam.v13i3.2907 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v13i3.2907

Srinivasan K, Sambaiah K, Chandrasekhara N. Loss of active principles of common spices during domestic cooking. Food Chemistry. 1992; 43(4):271-274. https://doi. org/10.1016/0308-8146(92)90211-J DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-8146(92)90211-J

Devarajan A, Mohan Maruga Raja MK. Identification and Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Rasam by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Research J. Pharm. And Tech. 2017; 10(12):4183-4187. https://doi. org/10.5958/0974-360X.2017.00763.6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2017.00763.6