Correlation Between Nitric Oxide Concentration (No2 + No3) In Saliva And CD4+ Count In HIV Infected Adult Individuals of Mangalore, Karnataka, India

Jump To References Section

Authors

  • Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka ,IN
  • Nitte Education Centre for Science Education and Research, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka ,IN
  • Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka ,IN
  • Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka ,IN

Keywords:

Nitric Oxide, Saliva, Dental Caries, HIV
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Abstract

Aims: To investigate the correlation between nitric oxide concentration (NO2 + NO3) in saliva and CD4+ count in HIV infected individuals. Study design: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 60 proven HIV-positive patients selected randomly from the ART centres.

Methodology: Two groups e Control (n = 30) and study group (n = 60). The study group was divided into Group I (CD4+ count >200/cu.mm) and Group II (CD4+ count<200/cu.mm). Unstimulated saliva was collected and nitric oxide (NO2 + NO3) was estimated by Griess method. Statistical analysis was performed using One-way ANOVA and Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test.

Results: The mean level of nitric oxide (NO2 + NO3) in control group was 43.95 ± 3.64 and in Group I with CD4 >200/cu.mm and Group II with CD4 <200/cu.mm was 51.98 ± 4.08 and 59.78 ± 4.18 respectively. ‘p' value was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The mean difference between Control and Group I was -7.937 (P < 0.001), Control and Group II was -15.80 (P < 0.001) and Group I and Group II was -7.867 (P < 0.001) from Tukey's Multiple Comparison Test.

Conclusions: From our study it is now evident that salivary nitric oxide (NO2 + NO3) can serve as an indicator of HIV replication and saliva shows a strong potential to perform tests that are done currently in blood.

Published

2018-09-12

How to Cite

Hegde, M. N., Shetty, S. S., Malhotra, A., & Hegde, N. D. (2018). Correlation Between Nitric Oxide Concentration (No<sub>2</sub> + No<sub>3</sub>) In Saliva And CD4+ Count In HIV Infected Adult Individuals of Mangalore, Karnataka, India. Journal of Pierre Fauchard Academy (India Section), 28(2), 43–46. Retrieved from https://informaticsjournals.com/index.php/jpfa/article/view/22229

Issue

Section

Original Articles

 

References

Hegde MN, Hegde ND, Malhotra A. Prevalence of oral lesions in HIV infected adult population of Mangalore, Karnataka, India. BioDiscovery. 2012;4:1-5.

Moncada S, Palmer RM, Higgs EA. Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev. 1991;43:109-142.

Nathan C. Nitric oxide a secretory product of mammalian cells. Faseb J. 1992;6:3051-3064.

Stamler JS, Singel DJ, Loscalzo J. Biochemistry of nitric oxide and its redox-activated forms. Science. 1992;258:1896-1902.

Blond DD, Raoul H, Grand RL. Primary human macrophages immunodeficiency virus replication in nitric oxide synthesis enhances human. J Virol. 2000;74:8904.

Evans TG, Rasmussen K, Wiebke G, Hibbs JB. Nitric oxide synthesis in patients with advanced HIV infection. Clin Exp Immunol. 1994;97:83-86.

Torre D, Pugliese A, Speranza F. Role of nitric oxide in HIV-1 infection: friend or foe? Lancet Infect Dis. 2002;2:273-280.

Chiappin S, Antonelli G, Gatti R, Elio F. De Palo a saliva specimen: a new laboratory tool for diagnostic and basic investigation. Clin Chim Acta. 2007;383:30-40.

Slavkin HC. Toward molecularly based diagnostics for the oral cavity. J Am Dent Assoc. 1998;129:1138-1143.

Mandel ID. A contemporary view of salivary research. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1993;4:599-604.

Lee Yu-Hsiang, WongSaliva DT. An emerging biofluid for early detection of diseases. Am J Dent. 2009;22:241-248.

Hooper DC, Ohnishit ST, Kean R, Numagamit Y, Dietzschold B, Koprowski H. Local nitric oxide production in viral and autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1995;92:5312-5316.

Li RH, Hotchkiss JH. Potential genotoxicity of chronically elevated nitric oxide: a review. Mutat Res. 1999;339:73-89.

Hesse M, Modolell M, La Flamme AC, et al. Differential regulation of nitric oxide synthase-2 and arginase-1 by type1/ type2 cytokines in vivo. J Immunol. 2001;167:6533-6544.

Hegde ND, Kumari S, Hegde MN, Shetty S. Role of nitric oxide and arginase in the pathogenesis of oral cancer. NUJHS. 2012;2:15-17.

Pacher P, Beckman JS, Liaudet L. Nitric oxide and Peroxynitrite in health and disease. Physiol Rev.

;87:315-424.

Wanchu A, Khullar M, Bhatnagar A, Sud A, Bambery P, Singh S. Pentoxiphylline Reduces nitric oxide production among patients with HIV infection. Immunol Lett. 2000;74:121-125.

Wanchu A, Bhatnagar A, Khullar M, Sud A, Bambery P, Singh S. Antitubercular therapy decreases nitric oxide production in HIV/TB coinfected patients. BMC Infect Dis. 2002;2:1-6.

Lee Y, Wong DT. Saliva: an emerging biofluid for early detection of disease. Am J Dent. 2009;22:241-248.

Hegde MN, Kumari S, Hegde N, Shetty S, Nireeksha. Evaluation of the status of salivary nitric oxide in patients with dental caries. NUJHS. 2012;2:6-9.

Hegde MN, Hegde ND, Ashok A, Shetty S. Salivary nitric oxide (NO2í¾NO3) as biomarker of dental caries in adults: an invivo study. IRJP. 2012;3:100-102.

Hegde MN, Malhotra A, Hegde ND. Salivary pH and buffering capacity in early and late human immunodeficiency virus infection. Dent Res J. 2013;10:772-776.

Hegde MN, Hegde ND, Malhotra A, Shetty S, Kumari S. Evaluation of total antioxidant status in HIV infected adult population of Mangalore, Karnataka, India: a biochemical study. J Infect Dis. 2013;112:163-167.