Linkage of Digitalization and Perceived Organizational Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18311/sdmimd/2023/32687Keywords:
Adoption of Digital Technology, Digitalization, Perceived Organizational Performance, Rubber Products Manufacturing Industry, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Sustainable Development, Web PortalAbstract
The purpose of this empirical research is to assess the impact of digitalization on perceived organisational performance in all areas of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in India’s rubber products manufacturing industry. The study employs a quantitative research method with an explanatory research design. The study’s primary data is gathered through surveys of top-level officials and IT managers from SMEs in the rubber products manufacturing industry. The normality and reliability of the data are assessed first using SPSS 22, followed by assessments of internal consistency, divergent validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity using maximum likelihood estimation of the CFA. The structural equation modelling approach was chosen as the statistical instrument that enables researchers to look at complex interactions between several variables in parallel based on the nature of the research questions, the data that are available, and the theoretical underpinnings of the study. It is identified through this study that major digital technology measures such as Usefulness of Web Portals (UWP), Customer Interface through Web Portals (CIWP), and Major Functionalities of Web Portal (MFWP), Use of Online Activities in Marketing Efforts (OAME), Online Advertisements and Promotion (OAP), Availability of Trained and Skilled Employees (ATSE), and Technological Resources (TR) have a statistically significant impact on the performance of SMEs. The study results provide policymakers with insights into how to provide special incentives and exemplary services to SMEs in order to promote the digitalization in the rubber products manufacturing industry. This study expands the scope of the investigation of the adoption and diffusion of digital technology by measuring the impact of a broad range of digital technologies on SMEs.
Downloads
Metrics
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 K. Latha, E. Sulaiman, Siby Yohannan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Abor, J., & Quartey, P. (2010). Issues in SME development in Ghana and South Africa. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 39(6), 215–228.
Abudaqa, A., Alzahmi, R. A., Almujaini, H., & Ahmed, G. (2022). Does innovation moderate the relationship between digital facilitators, digital transformation strategies and overall performance of SMEs of UAE? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 14(3), 330–350. https://doi.org/10.1504/ IJEV.2022.124964 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEV.2022.124964
Ahmad, S. Z., Bakar, A. R. A., Faziharudean, T. M., & Zaki, K. A. M. (2015). An empirical study of factors affecting e-commerce adoption among small-and medium-sized enterprises in a developing country: Evidence from Malaysia. Information Technology for Development, 21(4), 555–572. https://doi.org/10.1080 /02681102.2014.899961 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2014.899961
Ahmedova, S. (2015). Factors for increasing the competitiveness of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Bulgaria. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 1104–1112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. sbspro.2015.06.155 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.155
Ainin, S., Parveen, F., Moghavvemi, S., Jaafar, N. I., & Shuib, N. L. M. (2015). Factors influencing the use of social media by SMEs and its performance outcomes. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 115(3), 570– 588. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-07-2014-0205 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-07-2014-0205
Albano, P. G., Borghi, C. A., Breschi, M., Casadei, D., Cristofolini, A., Fabbri, M., Grandi, G., La Cascia, P., Negrini, F., Reggiani, U., & Ribani, P. L. (2000). Recent developments on micro-SMES system project at the University of Bologna. Proceedings Electrical Energy Storage Systems Applications and Technologies Conference.
Aletta, F., Mynsbrugge, T. V., Van de Velde, D., De Vriendt, P., Thomas, P., Filipan, K., Botteldooren, D., & Devos, P. (2018). Awareness of ‘sound’ in nursing homes: A large-scale soundscape survey in Flanders (Belgium). Building Acoustics, 25(1), 43–59. https:// doi.org/10.1177/1351010X17748113 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1351010X17748113
Amaral, A., & Peças, P. (2021). SMEs and Industry 4.0: Two case studies of digitalization for a smoother integration. Computers in Industry, 125, Article 103333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103333 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103333
Bracci, E., Tallaki, M., Ievoli, R., & Diplotti, S. (2021). Knowledge, diffusion and interest in blockchain technology in SMEs. Journal of Knowledge Management. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTMOD49425.2020.9380582
Berberoglu, A. (2018). Impact of organizational climate on organizational commitment and perceived organizational performance: Empirical evidence from public hospitals. BMC Health Services Research, 18, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3149-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3149-z
Brennen, J. S., & Kreiss, D. (2016). Digitalization: The international encyclopedia of communication theory and philosophy. The Wiley Blackwell-ICA. https:// doi.org/10.1002/9781118766804.wbiect111 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118766804.wbiect111
Browne, M. W. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Testing structural equation models.
Bui, T. Q., & Do, A. V. P. (2022). Does technological inclusion reduce financial constraints on small and medium sized enterprises? The case of Vietnam. Finance Research Letters, 47, Article 102534. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.frl.2021.102534 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2021.102534
Byrne, B. M. (1994). Structural equation modeling with EQS and EQS/Windows: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Sage.
Carmeli, A., & Tishler, A. (2005). Perceived organizational reputation and organizational performance: An empirical investigation of industrial enterprises. Corporate Reputation Review, 8, 13–30. https://doi.org/10.1057/ palgrave.crr.1540236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.crr.1540236
Chao, C. A., & Chandra, A. (2012). Impact of owner’s knowledge of Information Technology (IT) on strategic alignment and IT adoption in US small firms. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 19(1), 114–131. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626001211196433 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14626001211196433
Chege, S. M., Wang, D., & Suntu, S. L. (2020). Impact of information technology innovation on firm performance in Kenya. Information Technology for Development, 26(2), 316–345. https://doi.org/10.1080 /02681102.2019.1573717 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2019.1573717
Chen, Y. Y. K., Jaw, Y. L., & Wu, B. L. (2016). Effect of digital transformation on organisational performance of SMEs: Evidence from the Taiwanese textile industry’s web portal. Internet Research, 26(1). https://doi. org/10.1108/IntR-12-2013-0265 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-12-2013-0265
Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, phone, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: The tailored design method. John Wiley & Sons.
Egbunike, C. F., & Okerekeoti, C. U. (2018). Macroeconomic factors, firm characteristics and financial performance: A study of selected quoted manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/ AJAR-09-2018-0029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-09-2018-0029
Farida, I., & Setiawan, D. (2022). Business strategies and competitive advantage: The role of performance and innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(3), Article 163. https://doi. org/10.3390/joitmc8030163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030163
Gartner. (2019). Gartner glossary > digitalization. Available at https://www.gartner.com/en/informationtechnology/ glossary/digitalization
Garzoni, A., De Turi, I., Secundo, G., & Del Vecchio, P. (2020). Fostering digital transformation of SMEs: A four levels approach. Management Decision, 58(8). https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-07-2019-0939 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-07-2019-0939
George, A. (2018). Perceptions of Internet banking users — A Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach. IIMB Management Review, 30(4), 357–368. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2018.05.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2018.05.007
Gunasekaran, A., Subramanian, N., & Papadopoulos, T. (2017). Information technology for competitive advantage within logistics and supply chains: A review. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 99, 14–33. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.tre.2016.12.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2016.12.008
Hernandez, K., Faith, B., Prieto Martín, P., & Ramalingam, B. (2016). The impact of digital technology on economic growth and productivity, and its implications for employment and equality: An evidence review. IDS Evidence Report 207. https://www.ids.ac.uk/ publications/the-impact-of-digital-technology-on-economic-growth-and-productivity-and-its-implicationsfor- employment-and-equality-an-evidence-review/
Honerkamp, Y. (2020). The impact of social media usage on the sales process in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): A Systematic Literature Review [Summary].
Jahanshahi, A. A., Rezaei, M., Nawaser, K., Ranjbar, V., & Pitamber, B. K. (2012). Analyzing the effects of electronic commerce on organizational performance: Evidence from small and medium enterprises. African Journal of Business Management, 6(15), 6486–6496. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.1768 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.1768
Jang, S., Chung, Y., & Son, H. (2022). Are smart manufacturing systems beneficial for all SMEs? Evidence from Korea. Management Decision, 60(6). https://doi. org/10.1108/MD-12-2020-1632 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-12-2020-1632
Kelloway, E. K., & Santor, D. A. (1999). Using LISREL for structural equation modelling: a researcher’s guide. Canadian Psychology, 40(4), 381. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0092500
Khayer, A., Jahan, N., Hossain, M. N., & Hossain, M. Y. (2021). The adoption of cloud computing in small and medium enterprises: A developing country perspective. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 51(1), 64-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-05-2019-0064
Khurana, I., Dutta, D. K., & Ghura, A. S. (2022). SMEs and digital transformation during a crisis: The emergence of resilience as a second-order dynamic capability in an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Journal of Business Research, 150, 623–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jbusres.2022.06.048 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.06.048
Kotarba, M. (2017). Measuring digitalization–key metrics. Foundations of Management, 9(1), 123–138. https:// doi.org/10.1515/fman-2017-0010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/fman-2017-0010
Kula, V., & Tatoglu, E. (2003). An exploratory study of Internet adoption by SMEs in an emerging market economy. European Business Review, 15(5), 324–333. https://doi.org/10.1108/09555340310493045 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/09555340310493045
Lin, C., Lin, H., Huang, Y., Jalleh, G., Liu, Y., & Ching-Ju Chao, S. (2014). Towards a B2B E-Commerce Evaluation management model to assess organizational drivers in hospitals. The International Technology Management Review, 4(3), 115–132. https://doi. org/10.2991/itmr.2014.4.3.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/itmr.2014.4.3.1
López, M. J. A., García, B. A., Bentkowski, P., Bioglio, L., Pinotti, F., Boëlle, P. Y., Barrat, A., Colizza, V., & Poletto, C. (2021). Anatomy of digital contact tracing: Role of age, transmission setting, adoption, and case detection. Science advances, 7(15). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd8750
Luftman, J., Lyytinen, K., Zvi, T. B. (2017). Enhancing the measurement of Information Technology (IT) business alignment and its influence on company performance. Journal of Information Technology, 32(1), 26–46. https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2015.23 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2015.23
Manzo, A. N., & Burke, J. M. (2012). Increasing response rate in web-based/internet surveys. In: L., Gideon (Ed), Handbook of Survey Methodology for the Social Sciences (pp. 327–343). Springer. https://doi. org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3876-2_19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3876-2_19
Marsh, H. W., & Hocevar, D. (1985). Application of confirmatory factor analysis to the study of self-concept: First-and higher order factor models and their invariance across groups. Psychological Bulletin, 97(3), 562–582. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.97.3.562 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.97.3.562
McGregor, J. A., & Pouw, N. (2017). Towards an economics of well-being. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 41(4), 1123–1142.
Melville, N., Kraemer, K., & Gurbaxani, V. (2004). Information technology and organizational performance: An integrative model of IT business value. MIS Quarterly, 28(2), 283–322. https://doi. org/10.2307/25148636 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/25148636
Parveen, F., Jaafar, N. I., & Ainin, S. (2015). Social media usage and organizational performance: Reflections of Malaysian social media managers. Telematics and informatics, 32(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. tele.2014.03.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2014.03.001
Penman, T. D., Law, B. S., & Ximenes, F. (2010). A proposal for accounting for biodiversity in life cycle assessment. Biodiversity and Conservation, 19(11), 3245–3254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-010- 9889-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-010-9889-7
Prasanna, R. P. I. R., Jayasundara, J. M. S. B., Gamage, S. K. N., Ekanayake, E. M. S., Rajapakshe, P. S. K., & Abeyrathne, G. A. K. N. J. (2019). Sustainability of SMEs in the Competition: A systemic review on technological challenges and SME performance. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 5(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ joitmc5040100 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5040100
Reyes-Mercado, P., & Barajas-Portas, K. (2020). Analysis of the usage intensity of digital advertising platforms by SMEs using an integrated model. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 27(4), 407–417. https://doi.org/10.1080/1051712X.2020.1831215 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1051712X.2020.1831215
Solomon, E. M., & van Klyton, A. (2020). The impact of digital technology usage on economic growth in Africa. Utilities policy, 67, 101104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2020.101104
Tarutė, A., & Gatautis, R. (2014). ICT impact on SMEs performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 110, 1218–1225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. sbspro.2013.12.968 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.968
Vrontis, D., Chaudhuri, R., & Chatterjee, S. (2022). Adoption of digital technologies by SMEs for sustainability and value creation: Moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation. Sustainability, 14(13), Article 7949. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137949 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137949
Wardati, N. K., & Mahendrawathi, E. R. (2019). The impact of social media usage on the sales process in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): A systematic literature review. Procedia Computer Science, 161, 976–983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.207 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.207
Xie, J., Nozawa, W., Yagi, M., Fujii, H., & Managi, S. (2019). Do environmental, social, and governance activities improve corporate financial performance? Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(2), 286– 300. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2224 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2224
Yu, X., Roy, S. K., Quazi, A., Nguyen, B., & Han, Y., 2017. Internet entrepreneurship and “the sharing of information” in an Internet-of-Things context: The role of interactivity, stickiness, e-satisfaction and word-of-mouth in online SMEs’ websites. Internet Research, 27(1), 74-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-02-2015-0060
Yuan, K. H. (2005). Fit indices versus test statistics. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 40(1), 115–148. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr4001_5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr4001_5
Zhou, B. (2016). Lean principles, practices, and impacts: A study on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Annals of Operations Research, 241, 457–474. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10479-012-1177-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-012-1177-3