Postnatal Exposure to Sodium Arsenite (NaAsO2) Induces Long Lasting Effects in Rat Testes

Jump To References Section

Authors

  • Parul Kaushal
     Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi- 110029 ,IN
  • Pushpa Dhar
     Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi- 110029 ,IN
  • Somesh Meludurga Shivaprasad
     Department of Anatomy, Srinivas Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre, Mukka, Manglore-574146 ,IN
  • Raj D. Mehra
     Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi- 110029 ,IN

Keywords:

Arsenic, Postnatal period, Seminiferous tubules, sodium arsenite, spermatozoa, testis
Phylogeography

Abstract

Objective: The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of early postnatal exposure to sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) on rat testis. Materials and Methods: Wistar rat pups were administered aqueous solution of NaAsO2, 1.5 mg/kg body weight (bw) (experimental) and distilled water (control), respectively, by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) from postnatal day (PND) 1 to 14. Testes were collected after 1, 7 and 36 days (at PND 15, 21 and 50) after the treatment period (PND1-14) from the animals and immersion fixed in Bouin's fluid followed by paraffin embedding. Seven micrometer thick serial sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for light microscopic observations. At PND 50, morphological features of sperms and their counting was carried out besides processing the perfusion-fixed testes for electron microscopy (EM). Results and Conclusions: The observations revealed an altered morphology of the seminiferous tubules (ST) along with degeneration and dissociation of spermatogenic cells in the experimental animals at PND 15, 21 and 50. Also, increased number of sperms with abnormal morphology and decreased sperm count was noted in the experimental animals. These features together with electron microscopic observations of abnormal mitochondria and apoptotic nuclei of spermatogonia and spermatocytes could be indicative of long-lasting adverse effects on the rat testis induced by exposure to As during early postnatal period.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Downloads

Published

2018-05-25

How to Cite

Kaushal, P., Dhar, P., Shivaprasad, S. M., & Mehra, R. D. (2018). Postnatal Exposure to Sodium Arsenite (NaAsO<sub>2</sub>) Induces Long Lasting Effects in Rat Testes. Toxicology International, 19(2), 215–222. Retrieved from https://informaticsjournals.com/index.php/toxi/article/view/21368

Issue

Volume 19, Issue 2, May-August 2012

Section

Original Research
Received 2018-05-25
Accepted 2018-05-25
Published 2018-05-25

 

References

Rodriguez VM, Carrizales L, Jimez-Capdeville ME, Dufour L, Giordano M. The effects of sodium arsenite exposure on behavioral parameters in the rat. Brain Res Bull 2001;55:301-8.

Qin J, Lehr CR, Yuan C, Le XC, McDermott TR, Rosen BP. Biotransformation of arsenic by Yellowstone thermoacidophillic eukaryotic alga. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009;106:5213-7.

Walkes MP, Kerfer LK, Diwan BA. Induction of proliferative lesions of the uterus, testis and liver in swiss mice given repeated injections of sodium arsenate possible estrogenic mode of action. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2000;166:24-35.

Mathur N, Pandey G, Jain GC. Male reproductive toxicity of some selected metals: A review. J Biol Sci 2010;10:396-404.

Berg M, Stengel C, Pham TK, Pham HV, Sampson ML, Leng M, et al. Magnitude of arsenic pollution in the Mekong and Red River Deltas–Cambodia and Vietnam. Sci Total Environ 2007; 372:413-25.

Kim KW, Chanpiwat P, Hanh HT, Phan K, Sthiannopkao. Aresenic geochemistry of groundwater in Southeast Asia. Front Med 2011;5:420-33.

Arsenic: Environmental Health Criteria. Vol. 224. World Health Organization. 2001. p. 1-144. Avaliable from: http://whqlibdoc. who.int/ehc/WHO_EHC_224.pdf.

Kile ML, Houseman EA, Breton CV, Smith T, Quamruzzaman Q, Rahman M, et al. Dietary arsenic exposure in Bangladesh. Environ Health Perspect 2007;115:889-93.

Jensen, TK, Sobotka MA, Hansen AT, Pedersen W, Skakkebaek NE. Declining trends in conception rates in recent birth cohorts of native Danish women: A possible role of deteriorating male reproductive health. Int J Androl 2008;31:81-92.

Pant N, Murty RC, Srivastava P. Male reproduction toxicity of sodium arsenate in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2004;23:399-403.

Danielsson BR, Dencker L, Lindgren A, Tjalve H. Accumulation of toxic metals in male reproductive organs. Arch Toxicol 1984;7:177-80.

Healy SM, Casarez EA, Ayala-Fierro F, Aposhian H. Enzymatic methylation of arsenic compounds.V. Arsenite methyltransferase activity in tisúes of mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1998;148, 65-70.

Gorski R, Harlan R, Christensen L. Perinatal hormone exposure and the development of neuroendocrine regulatory processes. J Toxicol Environ Health 1977;3:97-121.

Scheer H, Robaire B. Steroid 5a-reductase and 3a-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the rat epididymis during development. Endocrinology 1981;107:948-53.

Dhar P, Mohari N, Mehra RD. Preliminary morphological and morphometric study of rat cerebellum following sodium arsenite exposure during rapid brain growth (RBG) period. Toxicology 2007;234:10-20.

Dhar P, Somesh MS, Kaushal P, Sehgal R, Mehra RD. Effects of arsenic exposure during early postnatal period on Leydig cells of rat testis. Toxicol Environ Chem 2010;92:115-68.

Dixit S, Dhar P, Mehra RD. Protective role of exogenous a-lipoic acid (ALA) on hippocampal antioxidant status and memory function in rat pups exposed to sodium arsenite during the early post-natal period. Toxicol Mach Methods 2011;21:216-24.

Maiti S, Chaterjee AK. Effects on levels of glutathione and some related enzymes in tissues after an acute arsenic exposure in rats and their relationship to dietary protein deficiency. Arch Toxicol 2001;75:531-7.

Hua MY, Hu JH, Zhou XG, Mei TZ, Fie J, Guo LH. Γ-Aminobutyric acid transporter (GAT1) overexpression in mouse affects the testicular morphology. Cell Res 2000;10:59-69.

Gaytan F, Lucena MC, Munoz E, Paniagua R. Morphmetric aspects of rat testis development. J Anat 1986;145:155-9.

Howard CV, Reed MG. Unbiased stereology, Three-dimensional measurement in microscopy. 2nd ed. London UK: Bios Scientific Limited; 1998.

Sarkar M, Chaudhari GK, Chattopadhyaya A. Effect of sodium arsenite on spermatogenesis, plasma gonadotropins and testosterone in rats. Asian J Androl 2003;5:27-31.

Yu S, Beynen AC. High arsenic intake raises kidney and lower copper levels. Biol Trace Elem Res 2001;81:63-70.

Rodrí­guez VM, Carrizales L, Mendoza MS, Fajardo OR, Giordano M. Effects of sodiuim arsenite exposure on development and behaviour in the rat. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2001;24:743-50.

Jana K, Jana S, Samanta PK. Effects of chronic exposure to sodium arsenite on hypothalamo-pituitary testicular activities in adult rats; possible estrogenic mode of action. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2006;16:4-9.

Chiou TJ, Chu ST, Tzeng WF, Huang YC, Liao CJ. Arsenic trioxide impairs spermatogenesis via reducing gene expression levels in testosterone synthesis pathway. Chem Res Toxicol 2008;21:1562-9.

Mehranjani MS, Hemadi M. The effects of sodium arsenite on the testis structure and sex hormones in vasectomised rats. Iran J Reprod Med 2007;5;127-33.

Kreiger DT, Porlow MJ, Gibson MJ, Davis TF. Brain grafts reverse hypogonadism of gonadotropin releasing hormone deficiency. Nature 1982;298:468-71.

Schoolmeester WL, White DR. Arsenic poisoning. South Med J 1980;73:198-208.

Zheng Y, Yamaguchii H, Tian C, Lee MW, Tang H, Wang HG, et al. Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) induces apoptosis through activation of BAX in hematopoietic cells. Oncogene 2005;24:3339-47.

Sarkar S, Hazra J, Upadhyay SN, Singh RK, Chowdhury AR. Arsenic induced toxicity on testicular tissue of mice. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2008;52:84-90.

Chinoy NJ, Tewari K, Jhala DD. Flouride and/or arsenic toxicity in mice testis with formation of giant cells and subsequent recovery by some antidotes. Fluoride 2004;37:172-84.

Sharpe RM, Maddocks S, Kerr JB. Cell-cell interactions in the control of spermatogenesis as studied using Leydig cell destruction and testosterone replacement. Am J Anat 1990;188:3-20.

Wine RN, Chapin RE. Adhesion and signaling proteins spatiotemporally associated with spermiation in the rat. J Androl 1999;20:198-213.

Kitchin KT, Wallace K. The role of protein binding of trivalent arsenicals in arsenic carcinogenesis and toxicity. J Inorg Biochem 2008;102:532-9.

Goyal HO, Braden TD, Mansoor M, Williams CS, Kamaleldin A, Srivastava KK. Diethylstilbestrol-treated adult rats with altered epididymal sperm numbers and sperm motility parameters, but without alterations in sperm production and sperm morphology. Biol Reprod 2001;64:927-34.

Yamanaka K, Hoshino M, Okamoto M, Sawamura R, Hasegawa A, Okada S. Induction of DNA damage by dimethylarsine, a metabolite of inorganic arsenics, is for the major part likely due to its peroxyl radical. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990;168:58-64.

Aitken RJ, Harkiss D, Buckingham D. Relationship between ironcatalysed lipid peroxidation potential and human sperm function. J Reprod Fertil 1993;98:257-65.

Sawada H, Esak M. Electron microscopic observation of 137Csirradiated rat testis: Production of basal laminae for germ cells, despite their absence. J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) 2003;52:391-7.

Mesbah A, Shokri S, Karbalaei Doust S, Mirkhani H. Effects of nandrolone decanoate on ultrastructure of testis in male adult rats. Iran J Med Sci 2008 33:94-100.

Khattab F, Khattab I. Histological and ultrastructural studies on the testis of rat after treatment with aluminium chloride. Aust J Basic Appl Sci 2007;1:63-72.

Güvena MC, Cana B, Ergünb A, Sarana Y, Aydosc K. Ultrastructural Effects of Cigarette Smoke on Rat Testis. Eur Urol 1999; 36:645-9.

Auger J, Kunstmann JM, Czyglik F, Jouannet P. Decline in semen quality among fertile men in Paris during the past 20 years. N Engl J Med 1995;332:281-5.

Davey JC, Bodwell JE, Gosse JA, Hamilton JW. Arsenic as an How to cite this article: Kaushal P, Dhar P, Somesh MS, Mehra RD. Postnatal exposure to sodium arsenite (NaAsO2) induces long lasting effects in rat testes. Toxicol Int 2012;19:215-22.