An Updated Review on Taxonomy and Chemotaxonomy

Abstract

Taxonomy is a discipline of study that deals with the identification, naming, and categorization of plants. The word taxonomy is derived from the Greek words taxis, which means arrangement, and nomos, which means law. The Convention on Biological Diversity's administration and implementation is supported by the taxonomy's identification and enumeration of its constituent parts. Chemotaxonomy, also known as chemosystematics, is the endeavour to categorise and identify organisms (initially plants) based on biochemical compositional differences and similarities. About 10-25% species of the total over 400,000 species present on the planet Earth are used for human welfare. Plants and their habitats are destroyed for human benefit, and thus, valuable diversity is lost without understanding the utility. The classification and identification of organisms based on verifiable differences and similarities in their biochemical compositions are known as chemotaxonomy, sometimes known as chemosystematics. There are several methods for taxonomizing organisms. Chemotaxonomy-based plant selection is a prerequisite for successful natural product research. The rise of chemotaxonomy is mainly due to the advancement in analytical techniques for chemical analysis that can detect even trace amounts of chemical compounds. The current methodology, particularly for plants, is chemotaxonomy. In a nutshell, the biochemical makeup of plants and animals is used to classify them biologically based on similarities and differences. In this brief overview, problems associated with biodiversity and the use of modern tools to resolve these issues are discussed. In this review, the various plant drugs are discussed related to their various morphology, phytogeography, chemotaxonomy and taxonomy.