Higher Consumption of Dietary Sodium than RDA among the Patients of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in the City of Aligarh: A Hospital-Based Study
Authors
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Department of Home Science ,IN
Roshina Bano
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-5725
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Department of Home Science ,INAnisa M. Durrani
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Department of Medicine, JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh - 202 002 ,INAjmal M.R.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21048/IJND.2024.61.2.41944Keywords:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, salt, sodium, sugar, RDA, HbA1c% LevelAbstract
In India, about 72.9 million and 317 million people are experiencing diabetes and hypertension, respectively. High consumption of dietary sodium significantly contributes to the rise of these two epidemics. The main objective of the study is to assess the mean intake dietary sodium on the basis of their RDA among the patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), diabetes with hypertension (T2DM*HTN) and only hypertension (HTN).The ethically approved hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 320 patients of type 2 diabetes and hypertension aged 20 years and older. Dietary sodium intake of patients was assessed using three days of 24-h dietary recall. Out of 320 samples, approximately 31.3, 50.0 and 19% of patients had only type 2 diabetes (T2DM), only hypertension (HTN) and diabetes with hypertension (T2DM*HTN) respectively. Mean age was found to be 47.6 ± 1.07; 55.8 ± 1.1 and 54.5 ± 1.1 years. Mean HbA1c% level of T2DM and T2DM*HTN were 8.6 ± 0.2% and 8.2 ± 0.1% respectively. Mean systolic and diastolic BP of T2DM*HTN and HTN was 136.5 ± 3.4 and 92.0 ± 2.6 mmHg; 145.8 ± 2.1 and 91.5 ± 1.1 mmHg respectively. Overall total calories intake among T2DM, HTN and T2DM*HTN were 1547 ± 600, 1612 ± 491 and 1471 ± 517 kcal/d respectively. Moreover, sodium intake was 2059 ± 916 mg/d, 2151 ± 986 mg/d and 1976 ± 667 mg/d respectively indicating 103, 165 and 107% of RDA with the significantly higher intake reported by male T2DM than female (p < .05).Thus, high sodium diet was consumed by all the patients with T2DM, HTN and T2DM*HTN. Dietary sodium intake is more elevated in diabetic hypertensive compared to others. Thus, additional studies are required to elucidate the association of dietary sodium intake with glycemic control and hypertension.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Roshina Bano, Anisa M. Durrani, Ajmal M.R.
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Accepted 2024-04-18
Published 2024-06-11
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