Customized Integrated Management for Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) and its Complications: Literature Review and Recommendations for the Future Policy Decisions

Jump To References Section

Authors

  • Rajalakshmi Shanmugavelan
     Siddha Clinical Research Unit, Tirupati - 517507, Andhra Pradesh ,IN
  • Samraj Karunanithi
     Siddha Clinical Research Unit, Tirupati - 517507, Andhra Pradesh ,IN
  • B. Pranavi
     Sri Venkateshwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati - 517507, Andhra Pradesh ,IN
  • E. Prasanthi
     Sri Venkateshwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati - 517507, Andhra Pradesh ,IN
  • Y. Pravallika
     Sri Venkateshwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati - 517507, Andhra Pradesh ,IN
  • J. Aathithya
     Central Council for Research in Siddha, Chennai - 600047, Tamil Nadu ,IN

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2024/36187

Keywords:

Diabetes Mellitus, Integrative Medicine, Siddha Medicine

Abstract

Background: Siddha system of medicine is an ancient medical system practised in Dravidian culture. It mainly focused on dietary and lifestyle recommendations along with medications. Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Integrated Siddha medicine and modern medicine play a significant contribution in averting and treating NIDDM and its complications. Currently, there is a lack of evidence-supported recommendations for the integrated treatment of NIDDM with Siddha and modern medicine. Hence, developing evidence-based recommendations for NIDDM by integrating both medicines is important. Methods: This recommendation on therapeutic management for NIDDM is based on the Guidelines issued by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in 2018, Siddha Standard Treatment Guidelines on Non-Communicable Disease (NCD), and other published works of literature in Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE. The recommendation includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological management. Results and Discussion: This review contains standard recommendations in modern medicine and Siddha's evidence-based recommendations for 9 clinical situations, including recommendations for pre-diabetes, severe diabetes, diabetic prevention, diabetic complications, diabetic foot, and diabetes associated with hypertension. This review also includes Siddha's pharmacological management of single herbs, polyherbal formulations, Herbo mineral formulations, external medicines, and non-pharmacological management like Yoga interventions, varmam interventions (physical manipulation), etc. Conclusion: This review provides a guide to clinicians to manage the patients with NIDDM at various levels of severity and complications. Additionally, long-term, high-quality studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of integrative medicine in preventing and treating NIDDM and its complications.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Downloads

Published

2024-07-31

How to Cite

Shanmugavelan, R., Karunanithi, S., Pranavi, B., Prasanthi, E., Pravallika, Y., & Aathithya, J. (2024). Customized Integrated Management for Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) and its Complications: Literature Review and Recommendations for the Future Policy Decisions. Journal of Natural Remedies, 24(7), 1467–1476. https://doi.org/10.18311/jnr/2024/36187

Issue

Volume 24, Issue 7, July 2024

Section

Review Articles

Categories

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Rajalakshmi Shanmugavelan, Samraj Karunanithi, B. Pranavi, E. Prasanthi, Y. Pravallika, J. Aathithya (Author)

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC
Received 2024-01-12
Accepted 2024-06-10
Published 2024-07-31

 

References

Galicia-Garcia U, Benito-Vicente A, Jebari S, Larrea-Sebal A, Siddiqi H, et al. Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21(6275):1-34. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176275 PMid:32872570 PMCid: PMC7503727

Oberoi S, Kansra P. Economic menace of diabetes in India: a systematic review. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2020; 40(4):464-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13410-020-00838-z PMid:32837090 PMCid: PMC7299136

ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (ICD-11). [Online]. [Accessed 09 February 2023]. Available from: https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en

Pradeepa R, Mohan V. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2021; 69:2932-8. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_1627_21 PMid:34708726 PMCid: PMC8725109

Tabish SA. Complementary and alternative healthcare: Is it evidence-based? Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2008; 2(1):V-IX.

Sen S, Chakraborty R. Revival, modernization and integration of Indian traditional herbal medicine in clinical practice: Importance, challenges, and future. J Tradit Complement Med. 2017; 7(2):234-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.05.006 PMid:28417092 PMCid: PMC5388083

Ayyanar M, Sankarasivaraman K, Ignacimuthu S. Traditional herbal medicines used for the treatment of diabetes among two major tribal groups in South Tamil Nadu, India. Ethnobot leaf. 2008; (12):276-80.

World Health Organization. WHO traditional medicine strategy: 2014-2023. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. [Online]. 2013 [Accessed on 09 February 2023]. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241506096

Rajalakshmi S, Sathiyarajeswaran P, Samraj K, et al. A review on scopes, methods and rationale of integrative approach in Siddha medicine with biomedicine. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2020; 12(4):6-11. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2020v12i4.36973

Ministry of AYUSH. National AYUSH morbidity and standardized terminologies electronic portal. [Online]. [Accessed on 20 Oct 2022], Available from: http://namstp.ayush.gov.in/#/index

Shanmugavelu M, Thirattu NMN. Tamil Nadu Siddha Medical Board, Chennai; 1987.

Guidelines for diabetes management, Indian Council for Medical Research. [Online]. New Delhi; 2018 [Accessed 18 April 2024] Available from: https://main.icmr.nic.in/sites/default/files/guidelines/ICMR_GuidelinesType2diabetes2018_0.pdf

Devi SM, Narayana KKS, Sundaramoorthy B et al. Authentication of Thiripala Chooranam and Mathirai used for Munnerizhivu (impaired glucose tolerance) in Siddha medicine. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2018; 7(3):3670-5.

Yeh GY, Eisenberg DM, Kaptchuk TJ, et al. A systematic review of herbs and dietary supplements for glycemic control in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003; 26(4):1277-94. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.4.1277 PMid:12663610

Madesh M, Kumari VNH, Sofia NH, et al. Clinical evaluation of a Siddha polyherbal formulation Azhinjiyathi kashayam. Int J Ayur of Pharma Research. 2018; 6(3):17-23.

Kumar V, Sakthi G, Bamini M. A case series on management of type II diabetes mellitus through Siddha medicine. J Res Bimed Sci. 2019; 2(4):112-7.

Sivaprakasam K, Rao KK, Yasodha R, et al. Siddha remedy for diabetes mellitus. J Res Ay Sid. 1982; 1:25-32.

Ranjana TK, Ramaiyah S, Vasanthy A. Antioxidant activity of ingredients of Mathumeha Chooranam, a drug used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Siddha system of medicine. Proceedings of Jaffna University International Research Conferences. Health and Medicinal Sciences. 2014. p. 222-5.

Al-Snafi AE. The pharmacology of Apium graveolens - A review. Int J Pharm Res Sch. 2014; 3(1):671-7.

Arunachalam K, Thiruthani M, Jeylani AKM et al. Antidiabetic activity of Ayakaandha abraga chendhuram on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Int J Curr Res Med Sci. 2017; 4(11): 1-4. https://doi.org/10.22192/ijcrms.2017.03.11.001

Chuang E, Molitch ME. Prevention of diabetes in high-risk patient populations, with application to the older population, geriatrics and ageing. 2004; 7(1):17-21.

Dewangani HN, Jayawardena B, Wijayagunarathne HSP. Yoga-based lifestyle intervention for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated complications: A clinical research review. Indian J Med Biochem. 2020; 24(3):125-9. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10054-0165

Maknikar SD, Padte S, Gunjal A. Role of exercise (Vyayam), lifestyle intervention and Yoga in the management and prevention of madhumeha (Diabetes Mellitus). World J Pharm Res. 2020; 9(7):1353-7.

Ambalavanan R, John AD, Selvaraj AD. Nephroprotective role of nano encapsulated Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) using polylactic acid nanoparticles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy rats. IET Nanobiotechnol. 2021; 15:411-7. https://doi.org/10.1049/nbt2.12030 PMid:34694717 PMCid: PMC8675778

Khan HBH, Karvannan K, Palanivelu GDS, et al. Nephroprotective effect of Semecarpus anacardium on diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic rats. Comp Clin Pathol. 2012; 11.

Rajendram A. Prospective open labelled nonrandomized phase-II clinical trial of Kadukkai Chooranam for Akkini selathumam (Diabetic neuropathy). MD dissertation, TN. Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai; 2019.

Chavan SP, Kadlaskar BB, Gholap A, et al. Literary review article on the efficacy of Guduchi in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. International Journal of Applied Research. 2017; 3(2):200-3.

Tunna TS, Ahmed QU, Uddin ABM et al. Weeds as an alternative useful medicinal source: Mimosa pudica Linn. on diabetes mellitus and its complications. Adv Mater Res. 2014; 995:49-59. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.995.49

Ramaswamy RS, Veluchamy G, Anandan T. Process for the preparation of synergistic compound D5 for the management of diabetes mellitus and related disorders. Indian patent. 2015. p. 37205.

Sangeetha MK, Rajakumar K, Nithyamala, et al. A case study on Siddha management of chronic non-healing diabetic foot ulcer. Int Ayurvedic Med J. 2021; 11(13):1959-64.

Anpuchelvy S, Sritharan G, Ganesan S. Management of the diabetic wound using a Siddha Ayurveda treatment approach including Manjalkarasealai (corrosive gauze) - A case study. Sri Lanka Journal of Indigenous Medicine. 2022; 07(01):549-53.

Karunanithi S, Devi MSS, Parameswaran S. Effectiveness of topical application of Siddha medicine for chronic non-healing lower extremity ulcer. Indian J Case Reports. 2019; 5(2):102-5. https://doi.org/10.32677/IJCR.2019.v05.i02.003

Pandey V, Madi S. Clinical guidelines in the management of frozen shoulders: An Update! Indian J Orthop. 2021; 55(2):299-309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-021-00351-3 PMid:33912325 PMCid: PMC8046676

Meena R, Natarajan S, Anbarasi C, et al. SiddhaVarmam and Thokkanam therapy in the treatment of adhesive capsulitis - A case report. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2021; 12(2):373-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2021.03.003 PMid:34020868 PMCid: PMC8185989

Menaka R, Sudha V. Clinical validation of Neermulli Kudineer in the reduction of albuminuria in patients with Uratha PithaVatham (Essential Hypertension). J Res Biomed Sci. 2020; 3(1):01-06.

Venkatachalapathy V, Balakrishnan S, Musthafa M, et al. A clinical evaluation of nardostachysjatamansi in the management of essential hypertension. Int J Pharm Phytopharm Res. 2012; 2(2):96-100.

Chaudhury A, Duvoor C, Dendi RVS, et al. Clinical review of antidiabetic drugs: Implications for type 2 diabetes mellitus management. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017; 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2017.00006 PMid:28167928 PMCid: PMC5256065

Bisht BS. Evaluation of the antianxiety activity of zonisamide based on the serendipitous action in Swiss albino mice. Int J Curr Res Chem Pharm Sci. 2019; 6(4):27-32.

Maanvizhi S, Boppana T, Krishnan C, et al. Metal complexes in the management of diabetes mellitus: A new therapeutic strategy. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2014; 6(7):40-4.

Amin MN. Global burden of non-communicable diseases: Preparedness of Bangladesh to combat the menace. Ibrahim Card Med J. 2018; 8(1-2):5-9. https://doi.org/10.3329/icmj.v8i1-2.53969

Singh S, Tripathi JS, Rai NP. An appraisal of the bioavailability enhancers in Ayurveda in the light of recent pharmacological advances. Ayu. 2016; 37(1):3. https://doi.org/10.4103/ayu.AYU_11_15 PMid:28827948 PMCid: PMC5541464

Herron RE, Hillis SL. The impact of the transcendental meditation program on government payments to physicians in Quebec: an update. Am J Health Promot. 2000; 14:284-91. https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-14.5.284 PMid:11009854