Adverse Impact of Textile Dyes on the Aquatic Environment as well as on Human Beings

Jump To References Section

Authors

  • Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar – 143005, Punjab ,IN
  • Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar – 143005, Punjab ,IN
  • Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar – 143005, Punjab ,IN

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2021/v28i2/26798

Keywords:

Accumulation, Carcinogenesis, Textile Dyes, Toxicity

Abstract

Dyeing stages involved in textile processing are considered to be one of the major contributors to aquatic pollution. Dyes being highly persistent due to the chemical composition are considered to be one of the most detrimental groups. Textile dyes essentially affect the exquisite aspect of aquatic bodies by enhancing biochemical as well as chemical oxygen demand. It also attenuates photosynthesis, hinders the growth of plants and invades the food chain. The bioaccumulating potential promotes toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. Therefore, the present review article aims to focus on the predominant effects of textile dye on in the aquatic environment particularly on algae, fish and ultimately on humans being.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Published

2021-05-31

How to Cite

Mehra, S., Singh, M., & Chadha, P. (2021). Adverse Impact of Textile Dyes on the Aquatic Environment as well as on Human Beings. Toxicology International, 28(2), 165–176. https://doi.org/10.18311/ti/2021/v28i2/26798

Issue

Section

Review Articles
Received 2021-01-21
Accepted 2021-03-16
Published 2021-05-31

 

References

Yang Q, Li Z, Lu X, Duan Q, Huang L, Bi J. A review of soil heavy metal pollution from industrial and agricultural regions in China: Pollution and risk assessment. Sci Total Environ. 2018; 642:690–700. PMid:29909337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.068 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.068

Gupta S, Satpati S, Nayek S, Garai D. Effect of wastewater irrigation on vegetables in relation to bioaccumulation of heavy metals and biochemical changes. Environ Monit Assess. 2010; 165(1-4):169–77. PMid: 19430920. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0936-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-009-0936-3

Hassan M, Hassan R, Anik Mahmud M, Israt Pia H, Arafat Hassan M, Uddin M. Sewage waste water characteristics and its management in urban areas - A case study at Pagla Sewage Treatment Plant. Dhaka Urban Reg Plan. 2017; 2(3):13–6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20170203.11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.urp.20170203.11

Desore A, Narula SA. An overview on corporate response towards sustainability issues in textile industry. Environ Dev Sustain. 2018; 20(4):1439–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-017-9949-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-017-9949-1

Bhatia SC. Pollution control in textile industry. Devraj S, ed. Woodhead Publishing India Pvt. Ltd. 2017. p. 340. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315148588 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315148588

Hossain MS, Das SC, Islam JMM, Al Mamun MA, Khan MA. Reuse of textile mill ETP sludge in environmental friendly bricks - effect of gamma radiation. Radiat Phys Chem. 2018; 151:77–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.05.020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2018.05.020

Muthu SS. Introduction. Muthu SS, ed. Sustainability in the Textile Industry. Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2017. p. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10- 2639-3_1

Nigam P, Banat IM, Singh D, Marchant R. Microbial process for the decolorization of textile effluent containing azo, diazo and reactive dyes. Process Biochem. 1996; 31(5):435–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-9592(95)00085-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-9592(95)00085-2

Robinson T, McMullan G, Marchant R, Nigam P. Remediation of dyes in textile effluent: A critical review on current treatment technologies with a proposed alternative. Bioresour Technol. 2001; 77(3):247–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00080-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(00)00080-8

Guaratini CCI, Zanoni MVB. Textile Dyes Corantes texteis. Quim Nova. 2000; 23(1):71–8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422000000100013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422000000100013

Chequer FMD, Angeli JPF, Ferraz ERA, Tsuboy MS, Marcarini JC, Mantovani MS, et al. The azo dyes Disperse Red 1 and Disperse Orange 1 increase the micronuclei frequencies in human lymphocytes and in HepG2 cells. Mutat Res - Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2009; 676(1):83–6. PMid: 19442572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.04.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.04.004

Gita S, Shukla SP, Saharan N, Prakash C, Deshmukhe G. Toxic effects of selected textile dyes on elemental composition, photosynthetic pigments, protein content and growth of a freshwater chlorophycean alga chlorella vulgaris. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2019; 102(6):795–801. PMid: 30927019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-019-02599-w DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-019-02599-w

Bento RMF, Almeida MR, Bharmoria P, Freire MG, Tavares APM. Improvements in the enzymatic degradation of textile dyes using ionic-liquid-based surfactants. Sep Purif Technol. 2020; 235:116191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116191

Mishra S, Maiti A. Applicability of enzymes produced from different biotic species for biodegradation of textile dyes. Clean Technol Environ Policy. 2019; 21(4):763– 81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-019-01681-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-019-01681-5

Benkhaya S, M'rabet S, El Harfi A. A review on classifications, recent synthesis and applications of textile dyes. Vol. 115. Inorganic Chemistry Communications. Elsevier B.V.; 2020. p. 107891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2020.107891 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2020.107891

Explaining low impact dyes - Cattermole Consulting Inc. [cited 2020 Dec 14]. https://www.cattermoleconsulting. com/explaining-low-impact-dyes/

Wang DM. Environmental protection in clothing industry. Sustainable Development. World Scientific; 2016. p. 729-35. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814749916_0076 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814749916_0076

Orts F, del Rí­o AI, Molina J, Bonastre J, Cases F. Electrochemical treatment of real textile wastewater: Trichromy Procion HEXL. J Electroanal Chem. 2018; 808:387–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.06.051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.06.051

Berradi M, Hsissou R, Khudhair M, Assouag M, Cherkaoui O, El Bachiri A, et al. Textile finishing dyes and their impact on aquatic environs. Heliyon. 2019; 5(11):e02711. PMid: 31840123 PMCid: PMC6893069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02711 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02711

Zaharia C, Suteu D, Muresan A, Muresan R, Popescu A. Textile wastewater treatment by homogenous oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. Environ Eng Manag J. 2009; 8(6):1359–69. https://doi.org/10.30638/ eemj.2009.199 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2009.199

Setiadi T, Andriani Y, Erlania M. Treatment of textile wastewater by a combination of anaerobic and aerobic processes: A Denim Processing Plant Case. Ohgaki S, Fukushi K, Katayama H, Takizawa S, Polprasert C, eds. Southeast Asian Water Environment 1. IWA Publishing; 2005. p. 159–66.

Aquino JM, Rocha-Filho RC, Ruotolo LAM, Bocchi N, Biaggio SR. Electrochemical degradation of a real textile wastewater using β-PbO2 and DSA anodes. Chem Eng J. 2014; 251:138–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.04.032 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.04.032

Lopes de Sousa M, Bueno de Moraes P, Matos Lopes PR, Nallin Montagnolli R, De Angelis D de F, Dino Bidoia E. Contamination by Remazol red brilliant dye and its impact in aquatic photosynthetic microbiota. Environ Manag Sustain Dev. 2012; 1(2):129–38. https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v1i2.2512 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v1i2.2512

Chia MA, Musa RI. Effect of indigo dye effluent on the growth, biomass production and phenotypic plasticity of Scenedesmus quadricauda (Chlorococcales). An Acad Bras Cienc. 2014; 86(1):419-28. PMid: 24676177. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420130225 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420130225

Khatri J, Nidheesh PV, Anantha Singh TS, Suresh Kumar M. Advanced oxidation processes based on zero-valent aluminium for treating textile wastewater. Chem Eng J. 2018; 348:67–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. cej.2018.04.074 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.04.074

Sandhya S. Biodegradation of Azo dyes under anaerobic condition: Role of Azoreductase. Atacag Erkurt H, ed. Biodegradation of Azo Dyes. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2010. p. 39–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2009_43 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2009_43

Newman MC. Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology -The Science of Pollution. CRC Press; 2014. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17658 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/b17658

Rehman K, Shahzad T, Sahar A, Hussain S, Mahmood F, Siddique MH, et al. Effect of Reactive Black 5 azo dye on soil processes related to C and N cycling. Peer J. 2018; 2018(5):e4802. PMid: 29844965 PMCid: PMC5969049. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4802 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4802

Imran M, Crowley DE, Khalid A, Hussain S, Mumtaz MW, Arshad M. Microbial biotechnology for decolorization of textile wastewaters. Rev Environ Sci Bio/Technology. 2015; 14(1):73–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-014-9344-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-014-9344-4

Santana RM da R, Charamba LCV, do Nascimento GE, de Oliveira JGC, Sales DCS, Duarte MMMB, et al. Degradation of textile dyes employing advanced oxidative processes: Kinetic, Equilibrium Modeling and Toxicity Study of Seeds and Bacteria. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2019; 230(6):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-019-4178-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-019-4178-x

O'Neill C, Hawkes FR, Hawkes DL, Lourenço ND, Pinheiro HM, Delée W. Color in textile effluents - Sources, measurement, discharge consents and simulation: A review. J Chem Technol Biotechnol. 1999; 74(11):1009–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199911)74:11<1009::AID-JCTB153>3.0.CO;2-N DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199911)74:11<1009::AID-JCTB153>3.0.CO;2-N

Khan S, Malik A. Environmental and health effects of textile industry wastewater. Malik A, Grohmann E, Akhtar R, eds. Environmental Deterioration and Human Health: Natural and anthropogenic determinants. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014. p. 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7890-0_4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7890-0_4

Tkacz RJ, Maguire RJ. Occurrence of Dyes in the Yamaska River, Quebec. Water Qual Res J. 1991; 26(2):145–62. http://iwaponline.com/wqrj/article-pdf/26/2/145/233407/wqrj0260145.pdf https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1991.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1991.009

Oliveira DP. Dyes as important class of environmental contaminants - a case study. Corantes como importante classe de contaminates ambientais-um estudo de caso (in Portuguese) (Sí£o Paulo, Brazil: Sí£o Paulo University). 2005.

Al-Sabti K. Chlorotriazine reactive Azo Red 120 textile dye induces micronuclei in fish. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2000; 47(2):149–55. PMid: 11023693. https://doi. org/10.1006/eesa.2000.1931 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/eesa.2000.1931

Karthikeyan S, Jambulingam M, Sivakumar P, Shekhar AP, Krithika J. Impact of textile effluents on fresh water fish Mastacembelus Armatus (Cuv. and Val) . J Chem. 2006; 3(4):303–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2006/701612 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2006/701612

Gita S, Hussan A, Choudhury TG. Impact of textile dyes waste on aquatic environments and its treatment. Environ Ecol. 2017; 35(22):2349–53.

Hernandez-Zamora M, Martinez-Jeronimo F. Exposure to the azo dye Direct blue 15 produces toxic effects on microalgae, cladocerans and zebrafish embryos. Ecotoxicology. 2019; 28(8):890–902. PMid: 31392637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-019-02087-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-019-02087-1

Dwivedi S. Effect of textile dyes on Spirulina platensis. J Chem Pharm Res. 2013; 5(4):66–80.

Croce R, Cina F, Lombardo A, Crispeyn G, Cappelli CI, Vian M, et al. Aquatic toxicity of several textile dye formulations: Acute and chronic assays with Daphnia magna and Raphidocelis subcapitata. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2017; 144:79–87. PMid:28601520. http:// www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765131730324X https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv. 2017.05.046 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.046

Cai H, Liang J, Ning X, Lai X, Li Y. Algal toxicity induced by effluents from textile-dyeing wastewater treatment plants. J Environ Sci. 2020; 91:199–208. PMid: 32172968. http://www.sciencedirect.com/scie nce/article/pii/S1001074220300048 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.01.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.01.004

Athira N, Jaya DS. The use of fish biomarkers for assessing textile effluent contamination of aquatic ecosystems: A review. Nat Environ Pollut Technol. 2018; 17(1):25–34. www.neptjournal.com

Kaur H, Kalotra R, Walia GK, Handa D. Dyeing industry effluent induced behavioral and morphological changes in the fish, Cirrhinus mrigala. Int J Zool Res. 2013; 3(3):13–20.

Amwele HR, Papirom P, Chukanhom K, Beamish FHW, Petkam R. Acute and subchronic toxicity of metal complex Azo acid dye and anionic surfactant oil on fish Oreochromis niloticus. J Environ Biol. 2015; 36(1):199–205.

Barot J, Bahadur A. Toxic impacts of C.I. acid Orange 7 on behavioural, haematological and some biochemical parameters of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Int J Sci Res Environ Sci. 2015; 3(8):284–90. https:// doi.org/10.12983/ijsres-2015-p0284-0290 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12983/ijsres-2015-p0284-0290

Kaur K, Kaur S, Kaur A. A review on ecotoxic potential of pollutants in fish. J Appl Nat Sci. 2019; 11(1):48–53. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i1.1948 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i1.1948

Parmar TK, Rawtani D, Agrawal YK. Bioindicators: the natural indicator of environmental pollution. Front Life Sci. 2016; 9(2):110–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2016.1162753 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21553769.2016.1162753

Parmar A, Barot J. Determination of genotoxic effect of azo dye C. I. RR 120 on fish Catla catla. Biotechnol Res. 2016; 2(2):77–80.

Parmar A, Shah A. Cytogenotoxicity of azo dye Reactive Red 120 (RR120) on fish Catla catla. Environ Exp Biol. 2019; 17(3):151–5. https://doi.org/10.22364/ eeb.17.15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22364/eeb.17.15

Rishin A, Priyatha CV, Chitra KC. Induction of genetic damage in peripheral erythrocytes of the fish, Anabas testudineus exposed to sublethal concentration of Acid Orange 7. Res Rev A J Life Sci. 2019; 9(2):1–10.

Soni P, Sharma S, Sharma S, Kumar S, Sharma KP. A comparative study on the toxic effects of textile dye wastewaters (untreated and treated) on mortality and RBC of a freshwater fish Gambusia affinis (Baird and Gerard). J Environ Biol. 2006; 27(4):623–8.

Sripriya L, Vijayalakshmi M, Sumathy R, Sharmila J. The impact of textile dyes on the biochemistry and histology of liver, a freshwater fish, tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters.). Int J Pharma Bio Sci. 2014; 5(3).

Sekar P, Prasad SH, Raman MD. Effect of textile dye industry effluent on the nutritive value of fresh water female crab Spiralothelphusa hydrodroma (Herbst). J Appl Sci Res. 2009; 2041–8.

Gadagbui BKM, Goksoyr A. CYP1A and other biomarker responses to effluents from a textile mill in the Volta River (Ghana) using caged tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and sediment-exposed mudfish (Clarias anguillaris). Biomarkers. 1996; 1(4):252–61. PMid: 23888992, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/13547509609079365 https://doi.org/10.3109/13547509609079365 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/13547509609079365

Belpaire C, Reyns T, Geeraerts C, Van Loco J. Toxic textile dyes accumulate in wild European eel Anguilla anguilla. Chemosphere. 2015; 138:784–91. PMid: 26291760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.201 5.08.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.007

Leme DM, De Oliveira GAR, Meireles G, Brito LB, Rodrigues L de B, Palma De Oliveira D. Eco - and genotoxicological assessments of two reactive textile dyes. J Toxicol Environ Heal - Part A Curr Issues. 2015; 78(5):287–300. PMid: 25734625. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2014.971208 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2014.971208

Ensink JHJ, van der Hoek W, Amerasinghe FP. Giardia duodenalis infection and wastewater irrigation in Pakistan. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2006; 100(6):538–42. PMid: 16336984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.08.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.08.014

Faryal R, Tahir F, Hameed A. Effect of wastewater irrigation on soil along with its micro and macro flora. Pakistan J Bot. 2007; 39(1):193.

Garg VK, Kaushik P. Influence of textile mill wastewater irrigation on the growth of sorghum cultivars. Appl Ecol Environ Res. 2008; 6(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/0601_001012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/0601_001012

Zhou Q. Chemical pollution and transport of organic dyes in water-soil-crop systems of the Chinese Coast. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2001; 66(6):0784–93. PMid: 11353382. http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00128/bibs/1066006/10660784.htm https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-001-0077-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-001-0077-z

Imran M, Shaharoona B, Crowley DE, Khalid A, Hussain S, Arshad M. The stability of textile azo dyes in soil and their impact on microbial phospholipid fatty acid profiles. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2015; 120:163–8. PMid: 26074308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ecoenv.2015.06.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.004

Khan S, Malik A. Toxicity evaluation of textile effluents and role of native soil bacterium in biodegradation of a textile dye. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2018; 25(5):4446–58. PMid: 29185221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0783-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0783-7

Vikrant K, Giri BS, Raza N, Roy K, Kim KH, Rai BN, et al. Recent advancements in bioremediation of dye: Current status and challenges. Bioresour Technol. 2018; 253:355–67. PMid: 29352640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.029

Ito T, Adachi Y, Yamanashi Y, Shimada Y. Long-term natural remediation process in textile dye-polluted river sediment driven by bacterial community changes. Water Res. 2016; 100:458–65. PMid: 27232990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.050 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2016.05.050

Rawat D, Mishra V, Sharma RS. Detoxification of azo dyes in the context of environmental processes. Chemosphere. 2016; 155:591–605. PMid: 27155475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.068 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.068

Brock T, Groteklaes M, Mischke P. European coatings handbook. Vincentz Network GmbH and Co KG; 2000.

Vargas AMM, Paulino AT, Nozaki J. Effects of daily nickel intake on the bio-accumulation, body weight and length in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Toxicol Environ Chem. 2009; 91(4):751-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/02772240802541353 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02772240802541353

Christie R. Colour chemistry. Royal Society of Chemistry; 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/9781847550590

Vankar PS. Handbook on natural dyes for industrial applications : Extraction of Dyestuff from Flowers, Leaves, Vegetables. Niir Project Consultancy Services; 2016.

Christie RM. Environmental aspects of textile dyeing. Elsevier; 2007. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781439823941 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781439823941

Clark M. Handbook of textile and industrial dyeing: principles, processes and types of dyes. Elsevier; 2011. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857093974 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857093974

Lellis B, Favaro-Polonio CZ, Pamphile JA, Polonio JC. Effects of textile dyes on health and the environment and bioremediation potential of living organisms. Biotechnol Res Innov. 2019; 3(2):275–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biori.2019.09.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biori.2019.09.001

Copaciu F, Opris O, Coman V, Ristoiu D, Niinemets U, Copolovici L. Diffuse water pollution by anthraquinone and azo dyes in environment importantly alters foliage volatiles, carotenoids and physiology in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Water Air Soil Pollut. 2013; 224(3):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-147 8-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1478-4

Hanger K. Industrial dyes: Chemistry, properties and applications, health and safety aspects. Germany: Wiley-VCH; 2003.

Haq I, Raj A, Markandeya. Biodegradation of Azure-B dye by Serratia liquefaciens and its validation by phytotoxicity, genotoxicity and cytotoxicity studies. Chemosphere. 2018; 196:58–68. PMid: 29291515. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0045653517321318 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemos phere.2017.12.153 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.153

Khan AY, Suresh Kumar G. Spectroscopic studies on the binding interaction of phenothiazinium dyes, azure A and azure B to double stranded RNA polynucleotides. Spectrochim Acta - Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2016; 152:417–25. PMid: 26241827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2015.07.091 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2015.07.091

Petzer A, Harvey BH, Wegener G, Petzer JP. Azure B, a metabolite of methylene blue, is a high-potency, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012; 258(3):403–9. PMid: 22197611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2011.12.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2011.12.005

Paul P, Suresh Kumar G. Thermodynamics of the DNA binding of phenothiazinium dyes toluidine blue O, azure A and azure B. J Chem Thermodyn. 2013; 64:50– 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2013.04.023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jct.2013.04.023

Mittal A, Thakur V, Gajbe V. Adsorptive removal of toxic azo dye Amido Black 10B by hen feather. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2013; 20(1):260-9. PMid: 22407416. http://www.chemialland21.com/specialtychem/ https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-0843-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-0843-y

Chequer FMD, Lizier TM, de Felí­cio R, Zanoni MVB, Debonsi HM, Lopes NP, et al. Analyses of the genotoxic and mutagenic potential of the products formed after the biotransformation of the azo dye Disperse Red 1. Toxicol Vitr. 2011; 25(8):2054–63. PMid: 21907275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2011.05.033 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2011.05.033

Fernandes FH, Bustos-Obregon E, Salvadori DMF. Disperse Red 1 (textile dye) induces cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in mouse germ cells. Reprod Toxicol. 2015; 53:75–81. PMid: 25883024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.04.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.04.002

Will Y, McDuffie JE, Olaharski AJ, Jeffy BD. Drug discovery toxicology: From target assessment to translational biomarkers. John Wiley and Sons; 2016. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119053248 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119053248

Manzar MS, Waheed A, Qazi IW, Blaisi NI, Ullah N. Synthesis of a novel epibromohydrin modified crosslinked polyamine resin for highly efficient removal of methyl orange and eriochrome black T. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng. 2019; 97:424–32. http://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S1876107019300446 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2019.01.027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2019.01.027

Barka N, Abdennouri M, Makhfouk MEL. Removal of methylene blue and eriochrome black T from aqueous solutions by biosorption on Scolymus hispanicus L.: Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng. 2011; 42(2):320–6. http://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S1876107010001264 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2010.07.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2010.07.004

Park JH, Wang JJ, Tafti N, Delaune RD. Removal of eriochrome black T by sulfate radical generated from Fe-impregnated biochar/persulfate in Fenton-like reaction. J Ind Eng Chem. 2019; 71:201–9. http://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/S1226086X18305148 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2018.11.026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2018.11.026

Vaiano V, Sacco O, Libralato G, Lofrano G, Siciliano A, Carraturo F, et al. Degradation of anionic azo dyes in aqueous solution using a continuous flow photocatalytic packed-bed reactor: Influence of water matrix and toxicity evaluation. J Environ Chem Eng. 2020; 8(6):104549. http://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S2213343720308988 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104549 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2020.104549

National Toxicology Program. Carcinogenesis bioassay of C.I. Solvent Yellow 14 (CAS No. 842-07- 9) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Feed Study). Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser. 1982; 226:1–164. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12778210

Petrakis EA, Cagliani LR, Tarantilis PA, Polissiou MG, Consonni R. Sudan dyes in adulterated saffron (Crocus sativus L.): Identification and quantification by 1H NMR. Food Chem. 2017; 217:418–24. PMid: 27664653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.078 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.078

Duman O, Tunc S, Gürkan Polat T. Adsorptive removal of triarylmethane dye (Basic Red 9) from aqueous solution by sepiolite as effective and low-cost adsorbent. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2015; 210:176–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2015.02.040 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2015.02.040

Foguel MV, Ton XA, Zanoni MVB, Sotomayor MDPT, Haupt K, Tse Sum Bui B. A molecularly imprinted polymer-based evanescent wave fiber optic sensor for the detection of basic red 9 dye. Sensors Actuators, B Chem. 2015; 218:222–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.05.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2015.05.007

Pohanish RP. Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens. Elsevier Science; 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4377-7869-4.00001-1

Ali HM, Shehata SF, Ramadan KMA. Microbial decolorization and degradation of crystal violet dye by Aspergillus niger. Int J Environ Sci Technol. 2016; 13(12):2917–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-016-1117-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-016-1117-x

Bharagava RN, Mani S, Mulla SI, Saratale GD. Degradation and decolourization potential of an ligninolytic enzyme producing Aeromonas hydrophila for crystal violet dye and its phytotoxicity evaluation. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2018; 156:166–75. PMid: 29550434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.012

Rao KVK. Inhibition of DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures by malachite green: a new liver tumor promoter. Toxicol Lett. 1995; 81(2-3):107–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(95)03413-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4274(95)03413-7

Gouranchat C. Malachite green in fish culture (state of the art and perspectives). Bibliographic study. Ec natl Vet ENVT, Nantes (France) 142. 2000; 142:2000.

Cha CJ, Doerge DR, Cerniglia CE. Biotransformation of malachite green by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001; 67(9):4358–60. PMid: 11526047 PMCid: PMC93171. http://aem.asm.org/ https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.9.4358-4360.2001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.9.4358-4360.2001

Oplatowska M, Donnelly RF, Majithiya RJ, Glenn Kennedy D, Elliott CT. The potential for human exposure, direct and indirect, to the suspected carcinogenic triphenylmethane dye Brilliant Green from green paper towels. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011; 49(8):1870– 6. PMid: 21596089. http://www.sciencedirect.com/ science/article/pii/S0278691511001931 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.05.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.05.005

Sreedharan V, Bhaskara Rao KV. Biodegradation of textile azo dyes. Gothandam KM, Ranjan S, Dasgupta N, Lichtfouse E, eds. Nanoscience and Biotechnology for Environmental Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2019. p. 115–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97922-9_5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97922-9_5

Eren HA, Yigit ć°, Eren S, Avinc O. Sustainable textile processing with zero water utilization using super critical carbon dioxide technology. Springer, Cham; 2020. p. 179–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030- 38545-3_8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38545-3_8

Blanquez A, Rodriguez J, Brissos V, Mendes S, Martins LO, Ball AS, et al. Decolorization and detoxification of textile dyes using a versatile Streptomyces laccasenatural mediator system. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2019; 26(5):913–20. PMid: 31303819 PMCid: PMC6600735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.05.020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.05.020

Bayburt C, Karaduman AB, Yenice Gursu B, Tuncel M, Yamac M. Decolourization and detoxification of textile dyes by Lentinus arcularius in immersion bioreactor scale. Int J Environ Sci Technol. 2020; 17(2):945–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-019-02519-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-019-02519-9

Most read articles by the same author(s)