A Review on Green Revolution, Nutritional Transition, Diabetes and Millet Movement in India

Jump To References Section

Authors

  • ,IN
  • ,IN
  • ,IN

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2019.56.4.23713

Keywords:

Rice, diabetes, green revolution, millets, glycemic index, therapeutic diet
Diabetes

Abstract

The advent of the green revolution in the early 1960s in India, when high yielding varieties
were introduced into the farm coupled with enhanced irrigation facilities and fertilizers resulted
in massive agricultural output. The over emphasis on high yielding crops such as wheat,
maize and rice not only improved the harvest index and per capita food availability, but also
showed a nutritional transition among people. The indigenous whole grains such as amaranth,
barley, sorghum and millets were commonly consumed by people prior to the green revolution.
Among these, millet found a dramatic decline in cultivation. Various reasons can be attributed
to this shift from millet to other crops. However today, the typical diet of an Indian is of high
carbohydrate and low protein since the majority of consumers prefer rice and wheat in their
diet. This transition in nutrition from complex carbohydrates of indigenous crops to high
glycemic index foods such as wheat and rice is correlated with the incidence of diabetes
mellitus. The incidence of diabetes in India is growing exponentially and to combat it, a
demand for food containing complex carbohydrates with a higher level of dietary fiber is
needed. This review deals with the idea of ‘The Millet Movement' in India, a strategy through
which the dietary management of diabetes can be handled in a better way considering the
nutritive value of the millet.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Published

2019-10-01

How to Cite

Pandiyan, A., Barbhai, M., & Medithi, S. (2019). A Review on Green Revolution, Nutritional Transition, Diabetes and Millet Movement in India. The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 56(4), 455–465. https://doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2019.56.4.23713

Issue

Section

Review Articles
Received 2019-05-17
Accepted 2019-08-08
Published 2019-10-01

 

References

Chakravarti, A. K. Green revolution in India.” Ann. Assoc. Ame. Geograp., 1973, 63, 319-330, 1467-8306.

Sebby, K. The Green Revolution of the 1960's and Its Impact on Small Farmers in India. 2010.

Fujita, K. Green revolution in India and its significance in economic development: implications for Sub-Saharan Africa. JICA-IR Working Paper (Tokyo: JICA Research Institute, 2010) [https://www. jica. go.jp/jicari/publication/workingpaper/jrft3q000000231s-att/JICA-RI_WP_No.17_2010. pdf, accessed 9 June 2015].

Gopalan, C. The changing nutrition scenario. Bull. Nutr. Founda. India., 2014, 35.

Dixit, A. A., Azar, K. M., et al. Incorporation of whole, ancient grains into a modern Asian Indian diet to reduce the burden of chronic disease. Nutr. Rev., 2011, 69, 479-488.

Mohan, V. and Unnikrishnan, R. World Clinics: Diabetology - Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Jaypee Brothers,Medical Publishers Pvt. Limited. 2014.

Chakravarti, A. K. The impact of the high yielding varieties program on foodgrain production in india. The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien, 1976, 20, 199-223.

Management Association, I. R. Food Science and Nutrition: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice, IGI Global. 2018.

Thapliyal, V. and Singh, K. Nutrition transition: A paradigm shift in Uttrakhand. J. Nutr. Fd. Sci., 2014, 4, 1.

Basavaraj, G., Rao, P.P., et al. Availability and utilization of pearl millet in India. SAT J., 2010, 8, 11. Shetty, P.S. Nutrition transition in India. Public Health Nutr., 2002, 5, 175-182.

Kaur, K.D., Jha, A., et al. Significance of coarse cereals in health and nutrition: A review. J. Fd. Sci. Technol., 2014, 51, 1429-1441.

Pinstrup Andersen, P. and Hazell, P.B. The impact of the Green Revolution and prospects for the future. Fd. Rev. Inter.,1985, 1, 1-25.

Hazell, P.B. The Asian green revolution, Intl. Fd. Policy Res. Inst., 2009.

Gopalan, C. The changing nutrition scenario. The Ind. J. Med. Res., 2013, 138, 392.

Nasurudeen, P., Kuruvila, A., et al. The dynamic and inequality of nutrient consumption in India.Ind. J. Agricul. Econo., 2006, 61, 362.

Hu, F.B. Globalization of diabetes: the role of diet, lifestyle and genes. Diabet. care, 2011, 34, 1249-1257.

Popkin, B.M., Horton, S., et al. Trends in diet, nutritional status and diet-related noncommunicable diseases in China and India: the economic costs of the nutrition transition.Nutr. Rev., 2001, 59, 379-390.

Hu, F.B., Van Dam, R., et al. Diet and risk of type II diabetes: the role of types of fat and carbohydrate. Diabetol., 2001, 44, 805-817.

Willett, W., Manson, J., et al. Glycemic index, glycemic load and risk of type 2 diabetes. The Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2002, 76, 274S-280S.

Jenkins, D., Wolever, T., et al. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. The Am. J. Clini. Nutr.,1981, 34, 362-366.

Mohan, V., Radhika, G., et al. Can the diabetes/cardiovascular disease epidemic in India be explained, at least in part, by excess refined grain (rice) intake? The Ind. J. Med. Res., 2010, 131, 369-372.

Prasad, V., Hymavathi, A., et al. Nutritional composition in relation to glycemic potential of popular Indian rice varieties. Fd. chem., 2018, 238, 29-34.

Hussain, A., Claussen, B., et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes: a review. Diabet. Res. Clini.

Pract., 2007, 76, 317-326.

Hu, E.A., Pan, A., et al. White rice consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis and systematic review. BMJ, 2012, 344, 1454.

Soriguer, F., Colomo, N., et al. White rice consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes. Clin. Nutr., 2013, 32, 481-484.

Sun, Q., Spiegelman, D., et al. White rice, brown rice, and risk of type 2 diabetes in US men and women. Arc. Inter. Med., 2010, 170, 961-969.

Radhika, G., Van Dam, R.M., et al. Refined grain consumption and the metabolic syndrome in urban Asian Indians (Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study 57). Metabol. Clini. Experim., 2009, 58, 675-681.

Abbas, A., Murtaza, S., et al. Effect of processing on nutritional value of rice (Oryza sativa).World J. Med. Sci., 20116, 2, 68-73.

Slavin, J.L., Martini, M.C., et al. Plausible mechanisms for the protectiveness of whole grains.

The Am. J. Clini. Nutr., 1999, 70, 459s-463s.

Wild, S., Roglic, G., et al. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabet. Care, 2004, 27, 1047-1053.

Ahuja, M.M.S. (1979). Epidemiology of diabetes in developing countries, Interprint.

Shobana, S., Sreerama, Y., et al. Composition and enzyme inhibitory properties of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) seed coat phenolics: Mode of inhibition of ï¡-glucosidase and pancreatic amylase. Fd. Chem., 2009, 115, 1268-1273.

Ragaee, S., Abdel-Aal, E.S.M., et al. Antioxidant activity and nutrient composition of selected cereals for food use. Fd. Chem., 2006, 98, 32-38.

Fung, T.T., Hu, F.B., et al. Whole-grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study in men. The Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2002, 76, 535-540.

Liu, S. Intake of refined carbohydrates and whole grain foods in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. J. Am. Colle. Nutr.,2002, 21, 298-306.

McKeown, N.M., Meigs, J.B., et al. Whole-grain intake is favorably associated with metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the Framingham Offspring Study. The Am. J. Clini. Nutr., 2002, 76, 390-398.

de Munter, J.S., Hu, F.B., et al. Whole grain, bran and germ intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study and systematic review. PLoS Med., 2007, 4, 261.

Esmaillzadeh, A., Mirmiran, P., et al. Whole-grain consumption and the metabolic syndrome: a favorable association in Tehranian adults. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 2005, 59, 353.

Kim, J.S., Hyun, T.K., et al. The inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts from sorghum, foxtail millet and proso millet on ï¡-glucosidase and ï¡-amylase activities. Fd. Chem., 2011, 124, 16471651.

Shobana, S., Usha Kumari, S.R., et al. Glycemic response of rice, wheat and finger millet based diabetic food formulations in normoglycemic subjects. Int. J. Fd. Sci. Nutr., 2007, 58, 363-372.

Saleh, A.S., Zhang, Q., et al. Millet grains: nutritional quality, processing and potential health benefits. Compreh. Rev. Fd. Sci. Fd. Safe., 2013, 12, 281-295.

Ravindran, G. Studies on millets: Proximate composition, mineral composition and phytate and oxalate contents. Fd. Chem.,1991, 39, 99-107.

Malleshi, N. and Hadimani, N. Nutritional and technological characteristics of small millets and preparation of value added products from them. Advances in small millets, 1993, 270-287.

Trowell, H., Burkitt, D., et al. Definitions of dietary fibre and fibre-depleted foods and disease.

Academic, London, 1985, 21-30.

Lattimer, J.M. and M.D. Haub. Effects of dietary fiber and its components on metabolic health.

Nutr., 2010, 2, 1266-1289.

Brennan, C.S. Dietary fibre, glycaemic response and diabetes. Mole. Nutr. Fd. Res., 2005, 49, 560-570.

Ugare, R., Chimmad, B., et al. Glycemic index and significance of barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacae) in type II diabetics. J. Fd. Sci. Techn., 2014, 51, 392-395.

Tiwari, N. and Srivastava, S. Effect of finger millet (Eleusine coracana) buns supplementation on serum glucose and serum lipids level in type 2 diabetics. Asian J. Dairy. Fd. Res., 2017, 36, 337-340.

Shukla, K. and Srivastava, S. Evaluation of finger millet incorporated noodles for nutritive value and glycemic index. J. Fd. Sci. Techn., 2014, 51, 527-534.

Kumari, P.L. and Sumathi, S. Effect of consumption of finger millet on hyperglycemia in noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) subjects. Plant Fds. Human Nutr., 2002, 57, 205-213.

Weickert, M.O. and Pfeiffer, A.F. Impact of dietary fiber consumption on insulin resistance and the prevention of type 2 diabetes. The J. Nutr., 2018, 148, 7-12.

Business World. Karnataka Agriculture Minister Takes The Millet Movement To Mumbai.Retrieved 13 December 2017.

Goron, T.L. and Raizada, M.N. Genetic diversity and genomic resources available for the small millet crops to accelerate a New Green Revolution. Front. Plant Sci., 2015, 6, 157.