Calcium and vitamin D supplementation to pregnant women in urban hospital and community settings

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Authors

  • Division of Public Health Nutrition, Nutrition Foundation of India, New Delhi, Delhi - 110 016 ,IN
  • National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad - 500 007 ,IN
  • National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad - 500 007 ,IN
  • Division of Public Health Nutrition, Nutrition Foundation of India, New Delhi, Delhi - 110 016 ,IN
  • Division of Public Health Nutrition, Nutrition Foundation of India, New Delhi, Delhi - 110 016 ,IN

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21048/IJND.2023.60.1.31364

Keywords:

Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, availability of calcium and vitamin D supplements, compliance with supplementation, impact of supplementation

Abstract

In India, calcium intake is low and the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women is high. The National Guidelines envisage elemental calcium 500 mg (as calcium carbonate salt) and 250 IU vitamin D supplements should be provided to pregnant and lactating women. In Delhi, iron folic acid tablets are given twice a day after meals in anaemic women and one tablet of calcium and vitamin D daily after a meal in all pregnant women. A study was taken up to assess the availability and compliance with calcium and vitamin D supplementation in primary health care institutions under research (Group 1 - 387 women) and service conditions (Group 2 - 400 women) and in urban community setting (Group 3 - 448 women). Women in Group 1 received Ca and Vitamin D tablets regularly from the research staff. In Group 2 and Group 3 tablets, were provided as and when government supplies were available and prescriptions were given when they were not available. Ca and Vitamin D tablets were expensive; families bought the tablets as and when they had the funds. As a result, the number of tablets available for consumption was lower in Group 2 and 3. In all three groups, side effects were rare and nearly all available tablets were consumed. In Group 1, Vitamin D estimation was done at enrolment and after supplementation for three months; 83% of women at enrolment and 68% of women after three months of supplementation had serum vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml. These data suggest that one tablet of Ca and Vit D per day is insufficient for correcting maternal vitamin D deficiency. It is essential to carry out studies to assess the impact of supplementation with two tablets of Ca and Vit D on maternal vitamin D levels.

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Published

2023-03-01

How to Cite

Pramanik, A., Palika, R., Pullakhandam, R., Kalaivani, K., & Ramachandran, P. (2023). Calcium and vitamin D supplementation to pregnant women in urban hospital and community settings . The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 60(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.21048/IJND.2023.60.1.31364

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Original Articles
Received 2022-09-29
Accepted 2022-11-24
Published 2023-03-01

 

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